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缅甸敦促朝鲜停止核试 美媒称其"中立主义外交"

2016-01-27 08:37:00   澎湃新闻网

缅美关系的改善

2011年3月30日,吴登盛正式宣誓就任缅甸联邦共和国总统。随着吴登盛政府在政治经济领域的改革,缅甸对美国“政权更迭”政策和入侵的担忧在奥巴马政府时期逐步消退,缅美关系随之改善。作为与美国外交关系改善和减轻制裁的关键因素,缅甸逐渐减少了对朝军购。

斯坦伯格指出,尽管缅甸声称正在“减少”与朝鲜的军事联络,在美国看来,一些前往缅甸的船只中仍可能装有朝鲜出售或捐赠的武器。2011年,美军拦截了一艘从朝鲜出发的货轮,怀疑这艘驶往缅甸的货船装载了军事物资。去年11月,美国对两名在缅朝鲜人实施了制裁,其中一人是朝鲜驻缅大使,这一决定暗示美国认为缅朝仍然在某些领域有所发展。

斯坦伯格认为,缅甸关于朝鲜核试验的声明将为双边关系带来负面影响,但这则声明重申了缅甸与美国修好的意图,并向国际社会和美国展现了一个负责任的缅甸政府的形象。斯坦伯格分析称,某种意义上来说,这则声明体现了传统的“中立主义”在缅甸开启了新纪元。

“缅甸核计划”传言

斯坦伯格还在文中分析了所谓“缅甸核计划”的传言。

他说,缅军方前总参谋长、现任议长吴瑞曼曾于2008年11月秘密访问朝鲜,考察了多个军事基地并签订了两国军事合作的谅解备忘录。

就在同时期,在缅政府高层的决策下,数百名缅甸人被派往俄罗斯,接受有关核工程的培训,这一决策在国际上触发了有关缅军方在秘密铀生产基地发展核武的传言。“尽管没有充足证据显示缅甸正在付诸实际,但军方对此的偏执却难以改变,包括时任军方领导人丹瑞大将在内的缅政府部分高层也认同发展核武器的观点。”斯坦伯格还称,过去数年,韩国政府为缅甸培训了数十名核管理人员,以期签署未来在缅甸建造核电站的合约,正如韩国曾希望在印度尼西亚所作的一样。

缅甸媒体密希玛表示,国际原子能机构观察员罗伯特·凯利(RobertE.Kelley)曾认为“缅甸会将核技术用于发展核武,而非民用核能,或建设核电站”。但凯利同时称,由于缺少技术和财力支持,这样的愿望很难实现。

泰国朱拉隆功大学安全和国际关系研究所资深研究员卡维·钟吉塔翁(KaviChongkittavorn)并不认同缅甸军方想要发展核武器的观点,26日在上海国际问题研究院举办的“亚太伙伴关系建设:中国与东盟的观点”研讨会中,卡维对澎湃新闻(www.thepaper.cn)表示,“缅甸政府的主要目标是和平进程,这也同样是军方的想法。”

“从伊朗核问题的经验上可以看出,缅甸想要发展,而这就需要美国解除经济制裁,虽然目前缅甸和美国的贸易总量很小,但对于油气资源的需求,未来会有巨大的增长,”他补充道,“美国制裁缅甸的主要原因不是人权而是军事原因,因此缅甸政府不可能想发展核武器。”

公开资料显示,1992年,缅甸签署了核不扩散条约,1995年签署了观察条约和东南亚无核区条约(SoutheastAsianNuclear-Weapon-FreeZoneTreaty),1996年签署了全面禁止核试验条约(ComprehensiveNuclearTestBanTreaty)。

责任编辑:翟明 CN040
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