新闻 > 评论
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11157580/20160401/22355123.html
Server: cms-8-252
Date: 2025/06/13 15:31:51

Powered by China
China

中国需要对得起国家名义的公墓

2016-04-01 15:22:50   中国青年报

本着尊重历史的原则,平等地安葬与祭奠每一位烈士,做好相关规范工作,是让公墓对得起“国家”的名义的前提。

清明是个体与传统连接的精神脐带,也是国家和民族铭记历史的无形丰碑。

近年来,对英雄先烈和战争中无辜罹难同胞的公祭活动,越来越得到国家层面的重视。国家已立法确定12月13日为南京大屠杀死难者国家公祭日。2014年清明节前夕,民政部公布《烈士公祭办法》,首次对烈士祭祀活动予以规范,其中指出,“在清明节、国庆节或者重要纪念日期间,应当举行烈士公祭活动”。遵循这部法规,这两年的清明期间不少地方举行了烈士公祭活动。

公祭活动是国家意志的表达形式,然而,对那些深埋地下、为民族独立和自由捐躯的烈士而言,对他们尚在人世的家属与后代来说,尚期待将无形的表达与有形的纪念结合于一体。在既有烈士陵园的基础上,建立国家公墓,体现国家对烈士个体的尊重,已成为社会各界普遍的呼声。此举,不仅有利于后人对先烈的祭扫与追思,也有利于激发军人等对国家作出特殊贡献的人们的荣誉感。

建立国家公墓,并不是简单地将既有的烈士陵园、革命公墓等设施改个名字。本着尊重历史的原则,平等地安葬与祭奠每一位烈士,做好相关规范工作,是让公墓对得起“国家”的名义的前提。

时不我待,对抗日战争、国共内战和朝鲜战争中战死烈士的统计与妥善安置,仍然是一个难言完成的工作。3月31日,韩国仁川国际机场举行遗骸交接仪式,把36具中国志愿军遗骸和遗物归还中方。2014年和2015年,韩国分别归还了437具和68具志愿军遗骸,这些遗骸已安葬在沈阳抗美援朝烈士陵园。国家主席习近平曾当面感谢韩国总统朴槿惠亲自推动送还中国军人的遗骸。近年来,有民间组织推动中国赴缅远征军遗骸归国,其间遇到的障碍有待国家力量解决。此外,因为历史原因造成中国军人安葬于海外的,无论是“马革裹尸”还是继续留在当地,都应该拿出相应的保护措施。

国家公墓体现的是国家的意志,但不能是权力意志。美国著名的阿灵顿国家公墓埋葬了30万名为国家作出贡献者,埋葬在那里的有总统、将军、大法官,但更多的是生前默默无闻的士兵。相比之下,国内的烈士陵园,在一些地方变味地衍生出了特供官员干部的“特权公墓”。如陕西商洛市革命烈士陵园曾曝出“为了照顾部分老领导”,开辟安葬县团级干部的商业性公墓。在国家公墓中,不适宜以安葬者生前职位的高低作太明显的区分,如墓地占地规模、墓碑大小应当有统一规格,因为他们接受的是国家和人民平等的敬意。

对烈士安葬的相关法律规范依然有待健全。由于多采取属地管理的原则,因为各地财力不同、有关部门重视程度不同,烈士陵园的保护状况也不同。有的地方能够定期修缮,并安排专人保护,而有些地方对烈士陵园疏于管理,其环境已不符合人们开展祭奠活动的要求。即便是著名的八宝山革命公墓,也仅为北京市民政局殡葬管理处下属的一个自筹自支的事业单位,其级别和地位远远达不到国家公墓的要求。如果未来将这些烈士陵园、革命公墓都纳为国家公墓,中央财政应当加强支持力度,并且应安排军人执勤,规范葬礼鸣枪、抬柩等程序,以增强公墓的庄严性,从而更有利于开展祭奠活动和爱国主义教育活动。

建设国家公墓还要坚持开放性,去除神秘化。国家公墓不光是先人的安葬之所,还是开展国民教育的实体设施。组织中小学生以及当地主要领导干部祭扫烈士陵园是各地普遍采用的形式,但常见的是,在集体组织的祭扫活动后,陵园就封闭了,其附属设施如历史遗迹、实物的陈列展览也常常不对外开放。

究其原因,除了管理投入的不足以外,还在于没有把陵园视为应当开放的公共设施。对此,可以借鉴国际经验,推动国家公墓的开放,甚至可以将打造为游客必去的景点之一。

一个国家对先烈怎么表达态度,能体现一个国家对历史尊重的程度。建立国家公墓,不光是对先烈的追思,对当下人也有积极的意义。

责任编辑:陈倩 CN030
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11157580/20160401/22355123.html
Server: cms-8-252
Date: 2025/06/13 15:31:51

Powered by China
China

相关阅读

数千名老兵赴广西祭奠对越自卫反击战烈士(组图)

中韩启动装殓第三批在韩中国志愿军烈士遗骸

第三批在韩志愿军烈士遗骸回国 两架战机护航

第三批在韩志愿军烈士遗骸安葬沈阳(组图)

404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11157580/20160401/22355123.html
Server: cms-8-252
Date: 2025/06/13 15:31:51

Powered by China
China
分享到:
0 0
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11157580/20160401/22355123.html
Server: cms-8-252
Date: 2025/06/13 15:31:51

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11157580/20160401/22355123.html
Server: cms-8-252
Date: 2025/06/13 15:31:51

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11157580/20160401/22355123.html
Server: cms-8-252
Date: 2025/06/13 15:31:51

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11157580/20160401/22355123.html
Server: cms-8-252
Date: 2025/06/13 15:31:51

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11157580/20160401/22355123.html
Server: cms-8-252
Date: 2025/06/13 15:31:51

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11157580/20160401/22355123.html
Server: cms-8-252
Date: 2025/06/13 15:31:51

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11157580/20160401/22355123.html
Server: cms-8-252
Date: 2025/06/13 15:31:51

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11157580/20160401/22355123.html
Server: cms-8-252
Date: 2025/06/13 15:31:51

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11157580/20160401/22355123.html
Server: cms-8-252
Date: 2025/06/13 15:31:51

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11157580/20160401/22355123.html
Server: cms-8-252
Date: 2025/06/13 15:31:51

Powered by China
China