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中国南海活动已有2000多年 历代政府行政管辖

2016-07-08 15:06:52   

在南海仲裁案中,菲律宾在诉状中提出十几项仲裁请求。其中,第一和第二项请求的目的是,提请仲裁庭裁断中国在南海断续线内的历史性权利违反1982年《联合国海洋法公约》(以下简称《公约》),从而否定中国在南海权利的合法性。在整个仲裁程序中,菲律宾为此歪曲事实,臆断中国的历史性权利并错误解释《公约》。

菲律宾罔顾基本的历史事实,妄称中国人民在历史上没有在南海活动,缺乏同南海的历史联系。然而,历史不容否认。中国在南海的活动已有2000多年的历史。中国最早发现、命名和开发经营南海诸岛。中国历代政府通过行政区域设置、军事巡航、海难救助等方式,对南海诸岛及其附近海域进行管辖。日本在第二次世界大战中侵占中国西沙、南沙群岛。二战结束后,《开罗宣言》和《波茨坦公告》明确要求日本归还窃取的中国领土。中国据此派军政官员收复西沙、南沙群岛并派兵驻守,恢复对南海诸岛及其附近海域行使主权。

菲律宾割裂中国对南海诸岛以及南海断续线内海域的历史性权利,妄断中国对海域的历史性权利是在《公约》产生27年后的2009年才新提出的主张。这是对中国在南海的历史性权利的恶意解读。中国政府无数次强调,中国在南海诸岛及其海域的主权和相关权利是在长期的历史过程中形成的,为历届中国政府长期坚持。1947年,中国政府经地理测量对南海诸岛重新命名。1948年,中国政府在公开发行的官方地图上标绘南海断续线,重申和确认在南海的主权和相关权利。1949年10月1日以来,中国政府坚持并采取实际行动积极维护在南海的历史性权利。

菲律宾为肢解中国历史性权利,还妄称中国对南海断续线内海域的权利根据《公约》不具有法律效力。然而,在缔约过程中,《公约》起草者恰恰考虑到,国家通过长期实践而在一般国际法上取得的历史性权利复杂多样,《公约》不适宜对各种历史性权利作出统一规定。历史性权利作为《公约》未调整的事项,继续受习惯国际法调整。中国在南海的主权和相关权利,是先于《公约》并且依据一般国际法形成的历史性权利。《公约》不是评断中国历史性权利的法律效力的标准。仲裁庭也无权超越《公约》规定对基于习惯国际法的历史性权利妄加断言。

菲律宾在仲裁程序中大量援引有倾向性的学者观点,虚构有关中国在南海的历史性权利的政府立场和其他事实。学者发表的个人观点岂可用于证明一国政府表达的法律立场!有倾向性的学者发表的观点,就更不能成为一项事实的客观证据。在任何公正且严肃的国际司法程序中,都不可能接受个人的学术论文作为案件事实的证据。同时,中国还有大量史料和国家档案证明与菲律宾主张相反的事实。菲律宾此种对待仲裁程序的行为只是将南海仲裁案这场闹剧演变得更加荒诞,并且损害了《公约》有关和平解决争端的规定的权威性。

中国在南海的历史性权利不因菲律宾歪曲事实而被否定。中国在南海的历史性权利不因菲律宾滥用《公约》规定的仲裁程序而被减损。中国在南海的历史性权利仍然继续受一般国际法的调整,且始终受到《公约》的尊重。

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