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香格里拉对话召开 中方:南海稳定需要美国自我克制

2016-06-03 10:35:10   澎湃新闻网

二是虚构所谓中国“扩张”威胁。美国将中国对南沙和西沙群岛的正当主权宣,视为“在南海扩张性的领土声索”,妄称中国为“挑衅者和扩张主义者”,指责中国“打造海沙长城”,甚至“可能会在南海地区采取先发制人的行动”,标榜美国的联合军演是遏制中国在南海地区扩张战略的重要组成。事实上,中国对南海相关岛礁的主权主张在历史上绝大部分时期从未受到过质疑,中国也从未扩大对南海的领土主张,而是个别声索国对中国固有岛礁和海洋权益的非法蚕食侵占范围在扩张。

三是虚构南海“军事化”议题。美国不断指责中国对南沙群岛部分岛礁进行的建设是实施“军事化”,提出“停止吹填、停止岛礁建设、停止军事化”的“三停原则”,希望中方对整个南海地区作出非军事化承诺。事实上,中国是最晚一个在南海进行岛礁建设的国家。中国在自己的领土上部署必要和适度的国土防卫设施,既是主权范围之内的事,也是应对驻守人员长期面临的安全威胁的现实需要,相关设施也为改善驻守人员生活条件、加强民事需求服务、履行国际责任和义务提供了基础。当前真正造成南海军事化的举动,恰恰是美国航母、战略轰炸机在南海的游弋,各种舰机对中国岛礁的挑衅性抵近。

四是虚构南海“紧张”气氛。美国强调中国填海造岛的速度与规模过快过多,宣称“大国不能欺负小国”,认为“加快建设军事前哨”加剧了地区紧张,甚至指责中国“在追求自身利益和领土要求的过程中不惜令关系变得紧张”。最近,美国一些政要还猜测中国将在黄岩岛实施填海造地并加强警戒,一些防务专家也宣称应马上为中国设定一条红线,极力渲染中国明天就要改变整个南海的“恐惧”。事实上,中国仍然坚持通过协商谈判解决南海争端的政策立场,以更为积极的姿态推进“双轨思路”、稳定南海局势。中国与南海相关国家关系总体保持稳定,也没有发生大的现实冲突。

管控危机是首要任务

美国在南海的军事行动,既是对中国的战略试探,也是对南海周边国家的压力测试。美国未来在南海的军事行动存在进一步升级的可能,但其目的决不是为了维护南海地区的和平稳定,而是要妄图给中国在南海“立规矩”、给盟友打底气,扰乱南海问题的协商谈判进程,抓住南海问题的主导权,树立自身是南海问题关键利益方的新角色。

中国也充分认识到南海问题的复杂性和长期性,有信心、有耐心与相关声索国通过协商谈判解决争议,积极推进与东盟国家的海上务实合作,共同维护南海地区的和平稳定和航行自由,在维护稳定和促进合作中,与相关国家共同寻求南海问题的持久解决之道。

中美南海“博弈”是影响南海地区局势的重要因素,美方南海军事行动对中美战略互信、互利合作的负面影响也在逐步加大。从现实和长远角度看,中国决不会放弃南海,美国也不可能自行离开南海,中国也没有让美国离开南海的幻想,双方在南海的长期共处只能是合作性而非排他性的;双方“博弈”不能陷入你得我失、赢者通吃的“零和博弈”,而应是合作共赢模式。

当前,维护南海和平稳定的选项依然很多,但管控危机的任务首先摆到了中美双方面前。目前南海的紧张局势不是中方造成的,中美之间可能的军事摩擦,也最容易源于美军舰机的挑衅性抵近巡航。推进中美新型大国关系建设,以建设性方式管控矛盾分歧,避免军事领域问题干扰两国关系发展,需要美方对军事行为做出自我调节和自我克制。

责任编辑:翟明 CN040
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