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中方回应“在南海支持中国的都是小国”:不是打群架

2016-05-13 08:56:55   外交部网站

八、美国全国公共广播电台:有人说,这个仲裁案的一个目的是想确认中国“九段线”的法律地位问题。现在中国不参与这个仲裁,菲律宾也即将有新的总统,并且他似乎表态愿意与中国进行谈判。我的问题是,在九段线问题上,中国是否认为这是可以谈判的?在双边谈判中,中方是否会提出“九段线”的具体坐标,以及中国有没有可能最终通过和平谈判,与其他国家达成双边或者多边的条约?

徐宏:你所说的“九段线”,也就是中国的南海断续线。我要强调的是,中国在南海的主权和相关权利是在长期的历史过程中形成的,并为中国历届政府所坚持。

早在1948年,中国在公开发行的官方地图上就标绘了南海断续线。这个标绘是对历史上中国对南海已经形成的权利的确认,并不是创设新的权利。在相当长的时间内,没有任何国家对此提出过异议,甚至许多国家在它们正式出版的地图上,也都标注出这条线。

近年来,一些国家攻击南海断续线,真实的目的是要故意混淆领土争议和海洋划界的争议,企图借此否定中国对南海诸岛及其附近海域的主权,掩盖它们非法侵占中国南沙群岛部分岛礁的事实。

回到仲裁案来说,菲律宾要求仲裁庭来确定中国在南海主张的海洋权利范围是不是超出《公约》的规定。跟我前面讲到的道理一样,这个问题首先需要判断中国在南海的领土主权。因为,根据国际法,国家的领土主权是其海洋权利的基础。如果不确定中国对南海岛礁的领土主权,也就没有办法确定中国根据《公约》在南海可以主张什么样的海洋权利,当然更无从判断,中国在南海的海洋权利主张是不是超出《公约》允许的范围。

另一方面,我们也要注意到,南海断续线的历史比《公约》要长很多,《公约》也并不是国际海洋法的全部。不管从哪个方面讲,仲裁庭对南海断续线都没有管辖权。至于说到谈判问题,我们一再重申,希望有关各方在尊重历史事实和国际法的基础上,通过协商和谈判来解决我们之间的争端,这个大门始终是敞开的。谢谢。

九、新华社:有一些国家认为,中国在南海的存在会影响南海的航行自由,您如何看待这个问题。还有您如何看待美国军舰在南海实施的“航行自由行动”?

徐宏:谢谢,谈到航行自由的问题,我要澄清两个概念。一个是国际法上的“航行自由”,另外一个是美国实施的所谓“航行自由行动”或称作“航行自由计划”。这两个概念完全是两码事,不能混为一谈。

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