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文旅产业资产证券化率仅3%

2017-11-16 07:16:12   中国经济网

文旅产业资产证券化率仅3%

聚元资本黄涛:未来5年有3倍以上提升空间

■本报记者 桂小笋

“以景区为例,我国境内的4A级以上景区有近3000家,但独立IPO或包含在上市公司业务体系内的只有不到80家。”近日,聚元资本创始合伙人黄涛在接受《证券日报》记者专访时,对于当下的文旅产业资产证券化率严重不足的问题做了如是解释。按照这个数据计算,在文旅产业中,目前的资产证券化率仅为不到3%。

不过,随着国民消费水平的提升和我国人口结构的变化,这一现象在未来5年将有大的改观,“在未来3年至5年内,行业的资产证券化率大概有3-5倍的提升空间,实现10%左右的资产证券化是有可能的。”黄涛分析。

细分领域龙头

有望搭上证券化快车

纵观投资领域,国内目前缺乏专注于文旅行业投资的专业机构,而聚元资本创立的初衷,即是希望能在这一领域有所建树。

从造成行业资产证券化率较低的原因来看,“主要是两个方面,一方面,优质资产经营效率偏低,营收结构中严重依赖‘门票经济’,因政策原因无法达到上市标准;另一方面,在经营过程中,企业也出现了畸形和误区,两方面因素夹击之下,造成了景区行业证券化率较低的现状。”

而这种状况在未来有望从根本上改变,从景区行业延伸到文旅全产业链。“投资人对行业的关注度,逐渐回归至线下实体运营,龙头企业的证券化有望提速;而消费人口结构的变化,也可以使行业逐渐实现从流量发展为主导,到以产品发展为主导的升级迭代。”

为更好地布局未来有望井喷式发展的文旅行业,黄涛介绍,在聚元资本的投资策略中,对于场景配套端颇为看重,“围绕旅游目的地所存在的资产配套端(即场景配套端)会重点考虑,伴随着国内居民生活水平的提升及消费升级的大浪潮,旅游客单价在稳步增长。以景区消费场景为例:门票支出在游客旅游活动总体支出中的占比会变小,景区内交通(如索道、观览车等)、旅游演艺、旅游文创、亲子产品、景区外非标住宿、文娱互动等场景配套消费支出将逐渐超过门票支出,甚至远超门票支出。在场景配套端,根据过往投资经验,聚元已将其进一步细分为2B及2C的近40个细分行业,这些是我们近1-2年内重点考虑的投资标的领域。”

三种方式

助推行业证券化提升

资产证券化率的快速提升,黄涛认为可能会以三种模式出现:“上市公司的横向并购。旅游主业上市公司天花板太明显,只有通过并购进行业绩外延式的扩张,从而实现上市公司市值的跨越式提升。聚元也因此单独设立了财务顾问部门,主要服务于上市公司,作为其上市公司并购顾问,助推企业成长。传统大型企业及新兴细分行业龙头独立IPO。即利润指标达到IPO标准的旅游企业,可以独立申报。中小型资产的集体证券化。针对景区配套的企业或者是中小型景区,有良好现金流但达不到独立IPO标准的,可以打包证券化。”聚元资本的投资标的,也会考虑借助上述三种模式实现证券化。

需要关注的是,在文旅行业,投资标的之间的关联性问题更为突出,这也决定了专注文旅的投资机构更容易发现其中的“珍珠”。“这个行业商业模式的一个独特之处在于,生产地即是销售地,且同行之间更多的是强关联关系,而非竞争关系,这也决定了他们可以打包,形成新的产品。”黄涛解释。

不过目前看来,未来三至五年内,文旅行业的发展依然是以流量为主,“行业要发展到以产品体验为主导,需要消费主力人口实现迭代,当然科技的发展,会让这个过程大大缩短。我们投资的企业里,第一阶段依然是以抓细分领域龙头为主,在文旅全产业链实现网状布局。第二阶段是抓龙头企业产品迭代的机会,打通场景端与场景配套端。第三阶段,聚元希望通过投资企业,助推中华文化的传承发展,将璀璨的中华文化及美丽的绿水青山留给我们的后人,这是聚元想要借助资本纽带来实现的终极目标。”

在行业发展的这三个阶段中,创业的机会也依然存在。不过,黄涛建议,选择这一领域的创业者,要特别关注此前容易忽视的三个“坑”,“首先,创业者先入为主以自己主观的消费习惯来判定消费者的习惯,这是灾难性的;第二,文旅是个服务行业,而从业人员的严重老龄化问题,会使得传统的劳动密集的模式行不通;第三,习惯了互联网思维的创业者,容易过于重视营销,忽视企业本质的运营能力,而一家企业真正的核心竞争力,恰恰来自企业的运营能力。”

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