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房地产调控长效机制 轮廓逐渐显现

2017-10-14 07:02:54   

当前,大城市建设用地中,集体用地与国有用地基本上“对半开”。过去,囿于“房地产化”、侵害农民利益等顾虑,集体土地入市踌躇不前。集体建设用地建租赁住房、企业和村集体(村民)合作持有、长期经营,完全可避免上述顾虑,还能保障并赋予农民分享城市化红利的诉求。更重要的是,这一供给端改革大幅降低租赁成本。

其次,楼市源头被控制住,即地价难以上涨,新市民需求导向土地供应。接下来,就是革新住房供应体系。目前,不仅新地配建(或自持)租赁住房“常态化”,存量用地盘活并建设租赁住房也已“常态化”并大规模地展开,“以租为主”、“租售并举”、“先租后买”的住房供应新体系正在形成。围绕“租售并举”的住房新制度,不仅是长效机制的重要内容,更是堪比1998年“房改”的重大制度创新。

租赁崛起,会分流需求但不会明显冲击房价而导致危机,因为租房和买房是两个群体,前者是新市民,后者是中高收入者。

重要的是,租赁崛起了,并建立起“先租后买”的消费模式,很多人甚至长期租房,过去由旺盛需求推动房价上涨、上涨预期拉动投资投机,就会慢慢退潮,“灰犀牛”风险渐进疏解。

租赁能让新市民、无房户在城市“安顿”下来(非漂泊),但其解决的只是基本需求,想要更好的居住环境、更大的空间,更优质的服务,就得努力工作、好好赚钱,以后到市场或租或买。在我国,但凡要在城市长期居住,也即“扎根”城市,没有谁不想买房,何况我国安居乐业、结婚买房、为后代留家产的传统很重。

因此,租住3-5年后,很大一部分人群要去买房,但也不是“一窝蜂”涌入市场。这种有效需求,不仅确保楼市不会因需求断档、调控打压而大幅度下滑,还能确保以有效需求逐渐代替无效的投资投机需求,这是我国楼市“软着陆”的优选。

因此,共有产权住房也是住房供应新体系的重要内容。近期,京沪大规模启动的共有产权住房模式,目前已经扩展到深圳、厦门、福州、海南等地以及雄安新区,未来也必将扩展到全国。

综上,探索多年、因内涵和外延宽泛而一直模糊的房地产长效机制,近期逐渐清晰起来。

(作者单位:深圳市房地产研究中心)

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