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近千家上市公司8124亿元买理财

2017-10-13 07:12:53   

四家公司认购规模超百亿元

从认购规模来看,984家上市公司中,有854家认购理财产品金额超过了1亿元(含),有223家认购理财产品规模超过了10亿元(含),有16家认购理财产品规模超过了50亿元(含),有4家上市公司的认购规模测超过了百亿元。数据显示,新湖中宝、温氏股份、五矿资本和中国动力2017年以来的理财产品认购金额分别达到了200.73亿元、158.70亿元、135.00亿元和100亿元。除此之外,必康股份、珠江啤酒、兆驰股份、长生生物、浙数文化和三一重工的认购金额也分别达到了90亿元、82.20亿元、71.70亿元、64.75亿元、64亿元和63.3亿元,位居前十。

从认购的理财产品数量来看,仙坛股份和杰克股份期间持有理财产品个数分别达到了108个和106个,位居所有上市公司前列。其中,仙坛股份认购的理财产品发行方主要包括农业银行、中信银行和建设银行,单次认购规模最小为10万元,最大则达到了18190万元。产品期限最短为1天,最长则达到了半年。2017年以来,仙坛股份合计认购理财产品的金额达到了23.93亿元,资金来源则包括自有资金和自筹资金。杰克股份认购的理财产品发行方主要包括中信银行、中国银行、建设银行、兴业银行和宁波银行,单次认购规模最小为200万元,最大则达到了20000万元。产品期限最短为1天,最长则达到了185天。2017年以来,杰克股份合计认购理财产品的金额达到了36.29亿元,资金来源则包括自有资金和自筹资金。从这些理财产品的类型来看,主要偏重于保本型或保本浮动收益型银行理财产品。

除了这两家公司之外,2017年以来持有理财产品数量在50个以上的上市公司还包括益丰药业、恒生电子、新湖中宝、杰比特、兆驰股份、温氏股份、中海达、飞科电器、克明面业、信捷电气、埃斯顿等多家上市公司。2017年上半年披露到期收益统计的413家公司中,38家公司理财产品到期收益高于净利润,其中ST明科、贤丰控股、*ST佳电等7家公司依靠投资理财产品“扭亏为盈”。如ST明科上半年实现净利润1481.03万元,而其理财收益高达3115.75万元,相当于净利润的两倍还多。

变更募集资金投向频发

上市公司缘何原来越热衷于购买理财产品?业内人士分析称,购买理财产品是上市公司灵活经营的一种方式,借助理财产品降低资金的闲置损失。投资受阻情况下,利用短期理财产品降低资金使用成本,适当时机再进行投资开发,提高公司资金使用效率,获得资金收益,是一种回报更高的现金管理模式。

但是,如果长期使用自有资金购买理财产品,则说明公司在投资方面缺乏长期发展规划,无法对自有资金和募集资金的使用和投资项目进行更有效的管理。一些上市公司使用增发、IPO募集资金等购买理财产品,这种情况表明上市公司本身并不缺钱,其再融资等有过度融资的嫌疑。

另一方面,这些上市公司购买的理财产品偏重于保本类型,其投向主要是货币市场、债券市场等。这些理财产品为了覆盖负债,甚至有可能通过加杠杆投向债券二级市场,进一步推高资产价格,形成资金的体外循环,加重了经济“脱实向虚”的隐患。出现这一后果,是同大力发展股权融资、支持实体经济发展的出发点背道而驰。

WIND统计数据显示,2017年以来,沪深两市共计发生变更募集资金投向523起,计划投入募集资金1181亿元。而2016年全年,这两个数字分别是383起和914亿元。在一些个案中,一些上市公司往往在定增融资实施完毕之后就立即动用募集资金大手笔资金购买理财产品。而且这些情况不仅在A股市场中存在,在新三板市场中也大量存在。

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