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央企盈收双增创十八大以来最佳

2017-10-13 07:07:53   

整合 供给侧改革超进度成效明显

在沈莹看来,央企能取得这些成绩的原因之一,就是坚决落实了供给侧结构性改革任务,特别是钢铁、煤炭去产能远超目标进度,中央企业煤炭资源整合取得很好成效。

据国资委统计,今年央企钢铁去产能595万吨目标已提前完成,煤炭已完成去产能2388万吨,累计重组煤炭产能达1亿吨。同时,“压减”工作成效明显,央企目前已累计减少法人单位6395户,减少比例达12.3%。此外,国企“三供一业”分离移交任务总体也已过半,企业剥离办社会职能工作取得初步成效。通过对重点困难企业集团改革脱困,同比减亏增利达到122.3亿元。

“有效处置‘僵尸企业’对于推动中央企业改革,特别是提质增效有重要的作用,也是我们解决企业面临的一些结构性矛盾的重要举措。”沈莹表示,国资委把“僵尸企业”处置工作作为化解过剩产能的“牛鼻子”进行部署,筛选了2041户长期亏损的困难企业,按照困难程度分成“僵尸企业”和“特困企业”两大类,进行分类处置。

据介绍,从工作启动到现在一年左右的时间,已完成了571户“僵尸企业”和特困企业处置和治理主体任务,其中通过市场出清退出的218户,其他的都是通过兼并重组、管理提升来完成治理。今年上半年,81家中央企业所属2041户“僵尸”子企业和特困子企业整体效益状况明显好转,亏损额较2015年同期相比减少885亿元。

企业内部层面,国资委将降成本作为瘦身健体、提质增效工作的重要内容。今年前三季度,央企成本费用的增幅始终低于收入的增幅,成本费用利润率同比提高了0.2个百分点。沈莹表示,目前企业不仅仅是简单的压降费用,更多是通过完善机制、优化流程、组织结构变革来实现降成本的目的,在企业之间则增加业务协同,加强资源的共享共建共用。

中国企业研究院首席研究员李锦告诉记者,近年来的供给侧结构性改革在很大程度上改善了经济结构、发展方式,提高了要素利用效率,并改善了环境破坏严重等局面,随着改革的落实和深入,改革红利也逐渐释放。

防控 降杠杆酝酿四方面对策

李锦认为,下一步国企供给侧结构性改革重点是去杠杆。非金融企业债务将近70%来自国有企业,尤其是产能过剩的行业,钢铁、煤炭、造船、地产、有色、化工这些周期性行业对资金成本上升的敏感性较大,利息支出负担最为显著。

据了解,2009年国资委探索建立了中央企业的债务风险管控机制,实行“五控制”,即控行业标准、控财务杠杆、控投资规模、控风险业务、控财务风险。在此之下,9月末,中央企业平均资产负债率稳定在66.5%,比年初下降0.2个百分点,石油石化、冶金、航空、商贸、军工等行业带息负债规模同比下降。

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