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用消费贷购房“悬了”管控贷款流向 银行还有“后手”

2017-09-29 10:37:51   

截流资金降温楼市

为什么个别银行会“睁一只眼闭一只眼”?刘刚分析认为,在房价飞涨的当下,房贷是一种数额大、风险低的优质贷款,但审核严门槛高,近两年又越收越紧。而消费贷审核门槛低,所以银行有将消费贷变相发放成房贷的动机。

如果房价一直上涨,“加杠杆”的幸福生活似乎会一直继续下去;但如果房价下跌,“王斌们”违约呢?“那样相当于银行系统只放了一次房贷,却收了两套房,其中一套来自消费贷违约。这样‘坏账’也因为‘加杠杆’而翻番了。”刘刚表示。所以,尽管济南的房价现在不存在下跌的迹象,相关部门仍出台相关政策,“王斌们”的幸福生活也打了折扣。

Wind数据显示,今年1-8月新增居民短期贷款1.28万亿元,较去年同期多增8231亿元,已远超去年全年8305亿元的水平。“这些短期贷款有一半流向了房地产市场!”上述信贷公司负责人表示,而刘刚预估有近40%;一份《全国居民短期消费贷流入楼市现象研究》的报告显示,估计其中至少有3000亿元流向楼市,约占新增短期消费贷款总额的30%。

这些数据足以引起警惕,于是就有了开篇提到的风险提示和各地新政策。济南的银行业内人士透露,银行针对个人经营性贷款和个人消费贷款开展自查工作,银行不敢再为“王斌们”办理“装修贷”了;而像“装修贷”贷款期限最长不超过5年,“王斌们”每年还款金额陡增至10.4万元;不得二次抵押发放消费贷,“王斌们”不能抵押还在还款的老房了。此外,多家银行开始向近期办理过消费贷的部分客户发送通知,要求其“补交消费用途证明材料”,包括货单、发票、合同、转账凭证等……一旦被查出消费贷改变用途,将邀请客户提前还款。总之,“王斌们”买房的杠杆越来越难加了。

据不愿透露姓名的人士说,他的贷款已经收到银行通知,邀请提交贷款用途单据和凭证。

不过,王斌在父母的资助下早早还上了“装修贷”,不用为合同违约担惊受怕了。

只是房地产调控的一部分

“不要紧盯消费贷的流向,还要注意到近年来房贷放款也是越来越紧了。”邓莉提醒,“严防首付贷流入楼市,或许只是房地产调控的一部分。”

日前,融360监测数据显示,8月全国首套房平均利率创下历史新高,达到5.12%,相当于基准利率1.04倍;而济南不仅以基准利率拿到房贷非常困难,一些银行甚至将执行利率与审批期限挂钩,借贷人则要考虑是否“以金钱换时间”,即接受更高的利率以换取迅速过批。

在管控资金以消费贷形式流入房市方面,刘刚表示,济南不少银行也接到了金融风险提示,他们银行发放的消费贷款卡就无法在售楼处使用,所以“技术的进步也能实现个人账户的监控,而未来‘提现’这样的操作也逃不过账户监控。”

“其实银行方面一直都有管控措施。”刘刚说,上文提到的“展开自查”、“补交消费用途证明材料”等新政策,都表明监管的加强。

目前来看,相关部门已出手严查消费贷:9月14日,邮储银行杭州市分行因个人消费贷款挪用于购房等原因被处以65万元罚款;今年6月,大连银监局也对多家机构连开数张罚单,原因是“贷后管理不到位,导致个人消费贷款被挪用”。(应受访者要求,文中“刘刚”系化名)

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