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“逾矩之举”惊人 保监会抽丝剥茧整治乱象

2017-09-27 09:52:52   

不难发现,中资险企的自评分与监管评分相差过大,甚至还有个别中资险企自评满分,自我评价明显失真。相较而言,外资险企的自评得分较为符合实际,但也有个别公司存在自我评价不客观、得分过高的问题。为保证公司治理评估的客观性、准确性,存在上述问题的中、外资险企,按照《办法》规定,综合得分都进行了相应调整与扣减。

  通过多层嵌套向关联方输送利益

随着监管部门进一步追根溯源、抽丝剥茧,保险机构的公司治理顽疾日渐暴露。记者了解到,通过上半年的公司治理现场评估工作,保监会发现了以下主要问题。

其中,中资保险公司的问题相对更棘手,亟待整顿。主要体现在:公司治理有效性有待进一步提高,内部管控机制需要进一步完善,关联交易管理亟须进一步加强,个别公司股东股权方面存在问题,集团管控需进一步规范,公司自我评价不客观不合规。

比如,保监会在现场评估时发现,有些保险公司的公司章程约定和执行存在缺失、“报行不一”;董事会构成不符合规定,存在董事超期“服役”,未建立独董制度,部分公司滥用通讯表决方式;内部授权不合理,股东大会、董事会和管理层之间授权机制不明确、过度授权或授权笼统,授权没有期限,越界行权。

在对中资险企的评估中,关联交易也是重要失分项,薄弱点在于关联方信息档案完备性,关联交易内部审查有效性及关联交易信息披露合规性。比如,有些保险公司未对关联交易开展有效的审计,公司关联股东、董事未回避表决关联议题,未及时披露重大关联交易、资金运用关联交易信息等。其中,部分险企的关联交易存在重大风险,包括通过资产管理产品、信托计划等多层嵌套,向关联方输送利益。

个别保险公司在股东股权方面也存在较大问题。监管部门在现场评估时发现了以下五类问题:一是非自有资金出资问题。个别公司股东涉嫌使用保费自我循环注资、融资出资或增加股东层级虚假增资;二是规避持股比例限制;三是通过收购股东间接取得控制权;四是借道股权质押变相出让股权或融资;五是股东行为不合规,存在股权被诉讼保全措施或强制执行、质押或解质押、股东更名等事项未及时报告等问题。

另外,集团管控也亟须进一步规范。主要存在以下问题:单一股东持股比例超标;个别公司存在股份代持;涉嫌设置多重架构规避监管;股权质押比例偏高;非保险子公司管理不合规,表现为给非保险子公司提供担保或资金借贷,使用非自有资金出资非保险子公司,未按规定将全部子公司纳入并表范围,非保险子公司信息披露不合规等。

分类监管进行时

在全面摸清保险行业公司治理现状后,保监会将就此采取进一步措施,以强化公司治理监管力度。

首先,点对点反馈评估结果。据了解,保监会将向各保险机构一对一反馈公司治理综合评级结果、监管评价分数、评估发现问题及相关风险隐患。其中,对于得分较低或问题突出的公司,保监会将对其整改落实情况进行督导,要求公司定期报告整改进度。

值得一提的是,保监会将采取分类别监管措施。即对评级结果为优质类的公司,保监会将督促落实整改;对合格类和重点关注类公司,视情况将采取监管谈话、下发监管函以及行政处罚等监管措施。

据了解,对评估中发现的重大违法违规线索,保监会将持续跟进开展专项核查,严肃查处违法违规行为。同时,针对公司治理现场评估发现的重点问题及重点机构,将开展公司治理评估“回头看”,重点抽查公司治理有效性、股权资本真实性及关联交易合规性等方面,进一步巩固评估整改成果,推动保险机构夯实公司治理风险防控基础。

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