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市场规律在铝市现扭曲 谁导演了跨年大戏

2017-09-20 09:32:11   中国经济网

故事很丰满 现实很骨感

“单纯通过库存一个数据来判断价格是片面的,因为与2016年8月份相比较,市场有很多因素发生了变化。例如,电解铝的成本主要是电和氧化铝,今年8月份动力煤价格达到640元以上,而去年此时价格不足500元,价格上涨了28%;今年8月份氧化铝的价格在2600元左右,而去年此时氧化铝的价格只有1715元/吨,价格上涨了51%,另外阳级和氟化铝的价格也分别上涨了50%和40%左右,因此只从成本一项上看,电解铝的价格就上涨了38%,可见电解铝价格从12000元/吨上涨到17000元/吨,价格上涨41%是与成本上涨密切相关的。”国投安信研究院首席有色分析师车红云表示。

刘超分析称,国内铝社会库存近几年的主要波动在{60,120}万吨区间,在2013年3月铝社会库存到达过151万吨,2011年8月铝社会库存跌到过36万吨的低位。但高、低位持续时间都不长,持续3-5个月后,库存就会重回到正常区间范围。“近几年我国铝消费保持快速增长势头,从库存消费比的角度看,目前的铝库存消费比是低于2013年库存高位时库存消费比。所以从库存的总规模来看,目前的库存总量并不大。”

车红云指出,揭开迷雾看本质,在库存高达160万吨的情况下,电解铝的生产利润仍高达1500-2000元,这才是铝市最大的矛盾。而产生这个矛盾的最大原因在于供给侧改革。

铝与钢铁、水泥统称为三大用电大户。2016年,铝冶炼行业的用电量就占了全国的7%。且供应长期过剩,铝材料出口不仅加剧了国内能源的紧张,形成环保问题,同时国内大量出口也引发了国际贸易纷争。2013年中国就发文规定在2013年5月开始不再审批新的产能。

2017年4月12日,国家发改委、工信部、国土资源部、环保部四部委联合发布《清理整顿电解铝行业违法违规项目专项行动工作方案的通知》,并规定清理整顿专项行动要在6个月内完成,分为企业自查、地方核查、专项抽查、督促整改4个阶段,分别要求在5月15日前、6月30日前、9月15日前、10月15日前完成。此通知一出便得到业内的积极响应。

4月16日新疆昌吉州宣布停止境内3家违规在建电解铝项目建设,分别是东方希望未批已建的80万吨,其亚未批在建80万吨,嘉润二期45万吨和天龙10万吨。此后各地纷纷公布关停违规产能,其中最引人关注的是7月24日山东发改委责令魏桥、信发集团关停电解铝321万吨产能,这使铝的供给侧改革达到高峰,也是铝价上破15000元冲高到17000元的主要动力。从统计局公布的产量数据来看,7、8月份中国铝产量开始大幅放缓,同比下降0.3%和7.3%,与前6个月同比增长8.8%的趋势发生根本转变。据业内专家评论,今年关停违规产能会在460万吨。

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