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频频收割地王 融信藏着怎样的“债技”

2017-09-18 09:01:41   中国经济网

这个问题的答案,或许能够在其两个不升反降的负债率中窥见一斑。

两个负债率不升反降

无论融信地王项目最终盈利与否,其疯狂拿地后债台越筑越高已是不争的事实。

2016年,融信全年合约销售额为246.39亿元,新增21块地,地块收购的平均成本约为12963元/平方米,土地收购成本总计484.46亿元。2015年全年,融信并无任何新增土地。

然而记者发现,融信2016年上市以来疯狂发债买地,其资产负债比率较2015年却不升反降。2016年,融信资产负债比率为98%,较2015年的247%大幅下降了149个百分点。同时,融信2016年的资产负债率为76.66%(与资产负债比率有一字之差),较2015年下降8.76个百分点。

为何资产负债比率与资产负债率的差距如此之大?融信大举借债后,两个负债率为何均不升反降?且看具体分析。

融信年报显示其资产负债比率的计算公式为:资产负债比率=(借款总额-受限制现金-现金及现金等价物及初步年期超过三个月的定期存款)/权益总额;而较为大众所熟知的资产负债率计算公式则为:资产负债率=负债总额/资产总额=负债总额/(权益总额+负债总额)。

比较两个公式不难看出,两个负债率分子分母的具体构成均不同,因此差距较大。此外,“权益总额”在两个负债率中都处在分母位置,如果“权益总额”大幅增加,便能致使两负债率的最终数值产生较大变动。

2014年,融信权益总额(即股东权益合计)仅有10.29亿元;到2015年底,其权益总额较2014年翻了五番,达到50.73亿元。2016年,融信权益总额涨到230.89亿元,约是2015年的4倍。

这便是融信疯狂借债,其“资产负债比率”和“资产负债率”不升反降的原因。

一位不愿具名的注册会计师对记者表示,如果“权益总额”大幅增加且增幅超过两个负债率计算公式中分子的增幅,就能把公司债务成功“掩饰住”,为负债高的房企创造低成本债务融资的机会。

明股实债?

《国际金融报》记者通过实地走访及向多位专业人士咨询发现,融信连年猛增的权益总额背后或许是“明股实债”。

这需要从融信自2014年以来,连年猛增的“权益总额”的具体来源开始分析。

融信2015年年报显示,公司权益总额为50.73亿元,较2014年的10.29亿元猛增了40.44亿元。其中,有16.48亿元来源于“非控股股东的注资”,占新增40.44亿元的40.75%,近一小半。

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