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新希望净利润首次负增长 靠全产业链布局破局待考

2017-09-18 07:56:41   中国经济网

畜禽养殖业绩分化

目前,新希望的产业链覆盖了饲料、养殖、屠宰等领域。具体财务数据来看,上半年,饲料销售收入209亿元,增幅为15%,毛利润12亿元,同比增长9%。畜养殖营收16亿元,同比增长109%,毛利润4.14亿元,增幅为24%。禽养殖收入21亿元,增长121%,毛利润则亏损0.69亿元,同比剧降132%。屠宰业务收入105亿元,同比增长7.5%,毛利润4.8亿元,同比下降18%。

畜禽养殖业务不理想,也拖动公司毛利率下滑。就畜养殖业务来看,新希望上半年共销售种猪、仔猪、肥猪111万头,同比增加61万头,增幅121%;在禽养殖业务上,公司共销售鸡苗、鸭苗3亿只,同比增加7294万只,增幅31%;销售商品鸡2769万只,同比增加1658万只,增幅149%;销售委托代养商品鸡鸭5967万只。

而就毛利率来看,上半年新希望的产品综合毛利率由年初的7.97%下滑至7.67%,下滑幅度最大的是养殖业务,其毛利率由去年年底的28%剧降至报告期的9%,短短半年时间,下滑近20个百分点。那么,针对养殖业务,新希望接下来将采取什么措施来提升毛利率?

上述证券部相关人士告诉记者说:“养殖业务本身存在着周期性,售价方面是由整个行业的供需关系决定的,公司没有办法影响太多,公司能做的是通过高效的生产和经营,使自身的成本不断优化,例如在养猪上面不断提高PSY(指每头母猪每年所能提供的断奶仔猪头数)水平、完全成本,在养禽上面也不断提高健雏率等等。”

行业周期待求解

今年上半年,新希望六和在肉食产品中(包括生鲜禽肉、生鲜猪肉以及深加工制品)高毛利的深加工制品销量同比增长17.7%,在生肉产品中高毛利的鲜品销量同比增长18%,深加工制品在肉食总量中的占比及鲜品在生肉总量中的占比相比去年全年都进一步提高。其中,新希望六和在去年完成收购的嘉和一品中央厨房业务经营良好,销量利润均稳步提升,正成为深加工制品板块中的新增长点。

值得注意的是,新一轮猪肉价格下行行情已经到来。有分析人士表示,生猪养殖行业市场化程度很高,只要未获得市场定价权,猪周期对于任何一家养殖企业的风险都会存在。而新希望是否已做好应对本轮猪肉价格下跌的准备?有着怎样的应对措施?

新希望证券部相关人士对记者表示,当前国内养猪业的发展,还处于一个企业规模化、现代化养猪逐步替代传统的农户分散养猪模式的过程中,所以当猪价下行时,首先被淘汰掉的将会是一些养殖效率较低的落后产能,而效率较高、成本更低的优秀企业将能够承受更低的价格。

“对于公司自身而言,我们也有多种手段来化解猪价下行的压力。一方面是公司以前已经有一些猪肉屠宰业务的布局,今后几年也还会再整合一些屠宰产能,猪价下行意味着屠宰环节的成本降低,可以使屠宰环节的利润和养猪环节的利润形成对冲。另一方面,公司也开始和国内几家大宗商品交易机构探索生猪期货方面的合作,通过期货来对冲猪价下行的影响。”该人士说。

那么,新希望将如何通过全产业链的布局来破解行业周期的困扰?

该公司证券部相关人士对记者说:“公司落实全产业链布局,促进自身战略转型的具体体现,就是从过去以饲料为主的业务,先向中游养殖业务延伸,再进一步向下游食品业务延伸。”

该人士表示,在养殖业务上,新希望近年来一方面加大对养猪业务的投入,另一方面推动养禽业务的模式升级,从过去较为松散的“公司+农户”合作,逐步转变为更加紧密的委托代养模式。在食品业务上,则是从简单的屠宰粗加工,进一步向肉制品深加工,甚至中央厨房业务延伸。

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