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提升金融业服务水平是根本出路

2017-09-18 07:21:38   中国经济网

现在还有一些不服务实体经济的金融创新,比如说比特币。最近中国政府明确说,在中国关闭比特币交易。比特币打着高新科技的旗号,觉得可以摆脱央行,摆脱黄金,给社会一个新的定价标准,新的支付手段,促进宏观经济稳定发展。事实上,产生的不是这个效果。比特币不是货币,货币所需要的几个条件它并不具备,比如,货币要求币值必须稳定,货币供应能够随着经济增长而稳定增长等,比特币并不具备这些特点,它不但危及了金融稳定,而且危及了宏观经济的稳定。

讲金融和实体经济的关系,金融和宏观稳定的关系的时候,第一条就是这个产品是不是有助于实体经济的发展。从全球趋势来看,危机之后,金融业回归简单,回归标准,回归本心,找回了初心,线上线下统一。这次全国金融工作会议主要的思想也是这样。以美国的情况来说,危机之后,很多金融泡沫都被挤出去了,股票、债券、信贷市场稳定发展,说明经济还是需要金融的,但是需要和实体经济密切关联的金融活动稳步发展。

其次,支持普惠金融发展。普惠金融的概念最初出现在十八届三中全会决定中。而普惠金融刚进入人们视野的时候,只是被当作金融业主业做完后顺便去做的事情,没有把它当成金融业多重要的活动,这次金融工作会议把普惠金融作为金融业必须做的事情之一,金融只有普惠了,才能对宏观经济的稳定,对社会的稳定产生积极的作用。

2014年,法国经济学家托马斯·皮凯蒂写了《21世纪资本论》,令世界动容。该书的基本结论是,资本主义世界的市场经济体系,三百年来,除了第二次世界大战之后短暂的20多年,其他的时候都加剧了财富分配的不公平。因此它是所有社会动荡的根源。仔细观察,此言不虚。这样一种不公平进入20世纪最后十年以及21世纪以来,更集中地体现为做金融的人处于收入分配的顶端。本世纪以来,与此有关的事件都是针对金融业,像占领华尔街就是指向这批金融业的高收入者,这些问题需要解决,当然需要以普惠金融的方式去做。

获得公平的金融服务,是每个人不可剥夺的权利,但是过去的金融体制事实上没有向他们提供服务,他们的存在就是提供无穷无尽的血液供大资本使用。这种情况不能继续下去,如果再继续下去的话,就会危及宏观稳定和整个国家的稳定。但是要做普惠金融也不容易,如果我们拘泥于传统的手段,是做不了的,所以也需要创新。

最近几年,一些使用新技术的金融活动,金融安排,大大降低了金融的进入门槛,方便了普通百姓接入金融系统的路径,使得普惠金融真正能够实现。现在有很多机构,基于互联网技术,在普惠方面取得了长足进步。国内的一些传统大型机构正在和新型金融机构相结合,今年上半年,中国的四大国有商业银行和中国的四大互联网巨头战略结合,这样就会使得普惠金融能够在中国做实。金融普惠做实了,宏观经济稳定了,社会也因此能够稳定。

第三,发展绿色金融。按照现在的架构,金融很难服务绿色。简单地说,做绿色投资,绿色经营,是不挣钱的,绿水青山和金山银山我们想兼得,而事实上这两者之间存在冲突,非此即彼。如果绿色得不到强调,随着经济增长,我们会获得一个越来越不适宜人居的环境,我们要这个经济干什么呢?社会的安定何在呢?这也需要我们金融创新。现在已经有很多这方面的探讨,使得我们在商业可持续基础上推进绿色金融有了充足条件,只有这个做到之后,宏观经济运行,社会运行才会稳定。

总之,这次全国金融工作会议给中国的金融发展拨正了航向,有一些新的坐标,我们必须按照新坐标来对标,按照新坐标来改造金融行业,这样才会使得金融能够成为促进宏观经济稳定增长的因素,从而能够为整个社会的和谐发展提供正能量。

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