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压力下的进取 上市银行半年考

2017-09-15 15:36:47   中国经济网

此前,股份制银行、城商行的资产扩张速度一直远高于大行。而通过对上市银行数据的统计分析,2017年上半年,五大行的资产增速平均在5%以上,股份制银行资产增速平均刚超过2%。

城商行、农商行资产扩张速度也明显下降。实际上,从全部上市银行看,除锦州银行、郑州银行和贵阳银行等城商行的上半年资产规模增速在两位数,其余银行资产增速均为个位数。其原因,很大一部分也在于同业业务的收缩。

“从数据看,国有大行更好地应对了监管压力,而中小银行受强监管影响相就大的多。”上述接近央行的人士表示。

该人士分析认为,不考虑同业存单,股份制银行、城商行同业负债占总负债的比例最高,农商行最低,国有大行略高于农商行。央行二季度货币政策执行报告中提出,将于2018年将同业存单纳入同业负债考核,因此,将同业存单纳入广义同业负债进行考察,城商行、股份制银行、农商行广义同业负债占总负债的比例将大幅提高,而国有大行依旧保持最低。综合看,城商行、股份制银行对同业负债(广义同业负债)的依赖度均较高,农商行侧重于运用同业存单主动加强负债管理,中小银行更多谋求资产端的摆布,负债结构有一定的刚性,而国有大行对主动负债管理更加稳健。

“中小银行在规模快速扩张的道路上要时刻保持清醒。业绩报告中不断膨胀的资产负债规模并不必然代表着自身经营管理能力的同步提升,应在规模增长的同时保持适当的利润增长水平,以及时刻防范可能的市场系统性风险。”长沙银行战略办主任王礼认为,“作为一个区域性金融机构,保有一个数量相对庞大的基础客群和基础金融业务规模,才是稳健发展的核心。”

资产质量有喜有忧

经过几年的“刮骨疗伤”,多数银行资产质量开始转好。经记者梳理发现,上半年约三分之二的上市银行不良贷款率下降,其中包括农行、招行、常熟银行、无锡银行在内共四家银行更是实现了不良贷款和不良率“双降”。

根据半年报具体分析来看,上市银行不良贷款余额继续上升但增速下滑,不良贷款率及其增速均实现下降。

截至2017年6月末,25家上市银行整体不良贷款余额1.23万亿元,比2016年末增长3.9%。25家上市银行整体不良贷款率为1.64%,比2016年末下降了3.2%。其中,国有大行的相关数据下降最明显,除中行外,其他4家大行的不良贷款率均呈不同程度的下降;而股份制银行则反之,除兴业银行和招行外,其他6家上市银行均呈不同程度的上升。

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