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西安银行IPO中止审查虚惊一场 资产质量、盈利露隐患

2017-09-15 08:06:41   中国经济网

市场对西安银行的“不好看”,就与中经信投资有限公司三度挂牌转让无人接盘有关。

2014年底,中经信投资有限公司挂牌转让西安博润泰兴投资管理有限公司100%股权,转让标的估值为1.37亿元,挂牌价2.65亿元。其中核心资产就是西安博润泰兴投资管理有限公司持有的西安银行2.52%股份,而那时,西安博润泰兴投资管理有限公司正是西安银行的第十大股东。一年多后,相同的资产再度挂牌未见结果。一个多月后,第三度挂牌未果。

业内人士认为,城商行股权遇冷很正常,目前银行业的情况不好,特别是城商行。此外,大型商业银行上市股票很多且其流动性以及变现能力更强,投资者有很多选择。

资产质量不佳

作为观察银行经营状况的一项重要指标,银行资产质量一直是市场关注的焦点。银行在评估贷款质量时,通常按风险基础将贷款分为正常、关注、次级、可疑和损失五类,而后三类被合称为不良贷款,不良贷款率指金融机构不良贷款占总贷款余额的比重。

经济导报记者查询西安银行招股书和2016年年报发现,在资产质量方面,西安银行不良贷款率、不良资产率皆连年上升。2013年、2014年、2015年、2016年,西安银行不良贷款率分别为0.65%、0.79%、1.18%、1.27%,呈现逐年上升趋势。其2013年、2014年、2015年、2016年上半年不良资产率分别为0.47%、0.53%、0.70%、0.70%,总体也呈现上升趋势。不良贷款率的持续上升将会给西安银行的贷款业务增加不少风险。

判断一家银行好坏标准,除了资产规模,还有抗风险能力。西安银行年报显示,2016年末的资产充足率为14.18%,与2015年末的15.38%相比有所下降。同时下滑的还有该行的拨备覆盖率,拨备覆盖率是判断银行财务是否稳健,风险是否可控的关键指标。而西安银行拨备覆盖率呈现逐年下降趋势,从2013年的385.19%降到2016年的202.7%。

财务状况方面,西安银行衡量盈利性的三个指标均不佳。有数据显示,2016年、2015年、2014年、2013年,西安银行资产利润率分别为0.94%、1.10%、1.27%、1.28%;资本利润率对应分别为13.25%、16.45%、19.99%、21.67%;成本收入比分别为30.40%、28.19%、26.62%、29.68%。尽管募集资金可以解决一时之需,但是从长远来看,提升自身的盈利实力才是西安银行良性发展的长远之路。

在流动性方面,西安银行流动性缺口率整体也呈现上升趋势。2013年到2016年上半年,分别为13.29%、11.10%、11.70%、28.89%,二季度末流动性缺口率上涨幅度为146.92%,涨幅非常大。

另外,西安银行业务在地域分布、个别行业分布以及单一借款人方面非常集中,这也为资产质量和财务状况埋下一定隐忧。若最大单一客户贷款和最大10家客户贷款占资本净额比例持续上升的话,将会给西安银行增加贷款过度集中的风险。同时,一旦主要信贷客户经营情况出现重大不利情况,其偿债能力将下降,这将影响到西安银行后续的贷款业务,甚至影响其财务状况。

此外,西安银行贷款对象也主要为中小企业。与大型企业相比,中小微企业经营规模较小、抗风险能力较差、生命周期较短,受宏观经济政策调整、国际贸易摩擦、成本费用上升、汇率波动及自然灾害等因素影响较大。

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