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新规“紧箍咒”:货币基金面临四大变局

2017-09-04 07:16:09   中国经济网

影响二:

货币基金将告别相对高收益时代

业内人士称,新规要求降低货币基金资产配置的集中度,限制低评级资产的占比及持仓久期,预计货币基金未来收益率将会下行,告别相对高收益时代。

上述北京中型公募基金研究部总监表示,货币基金为了满足流动性需求,收益水平会受到一定损失,通过牺牲收益率的方式是可以实现平稳过渡的,但总体看影响不大,特别是规模较小的基金。

机构持有人占比较高的货币基金收益率下行趋势或将更加明显。沪上一位公募基金监察稽核部人士表示,前十大持有人持有份额占比与货币基金久期一一对应,这一条对货币基金影响最大。新规规定,当货币基金前十大份额持有人持有份额合计超过基金总份额的50%时,货币基金投资组合的平均剩余期限不得超过60天,平均剩余存续期不得超过120天。考虑到目前机构在货币基金中占比很高,未来货币基金久期将缩短很多,收益率下行将会很明显。

该人士称,新规对货币基金在投资层面的一些限制性指标,主要是让货币基金投资高信用等级资产和缩短投资久期,这些要求都会导致货币基金收益率告别相对高收益时代。

影响三:

类货币基金产品或崛起

在货币基金收益下行预期下,多位业内人士预计,货币基金作为流动性管理工具的属性会更加突出,但收益率下行到一定阶段,将利好银行理财和券商资管所发行的类货币基金产品。

上述北京中型公募基金研究部总监坦言,货币基金收益率下行将导致货币基金吸引力减弱,与理财产品(目前收益率仍能做到4%~5%)如果拉开两个点左右的收益差的话,预计产生较大的资金转移现象,货币基金在资管产品中的占比会明显下滑。

北京一大型公募的固收类基金经理也认为,如果货币基金因受新规约束而收益走低,与银行理财等产品有较大的利差,可能会出现货币基金资金分流,导致规模下降。

该基金经理称,“如果市场上有类似的产品,投资者就去比较,权衡收益率和流动性。如果有流动性相对较好,收益率却明显超过货币基金的产品出现,会引发货币基金规模下滑,也将有利于其他类货币基金产品的崛起。”

影响四:

高流动性证券资产将受追捧

谈及新规对开放式基金仓位和资产配置的要求,多位业内人士称,在新规下,有些基金需要强制降杠杆和降仓位,利率债、高等级债券及高流动的资产将受到市场追捧。

上述北京中型公募基金研究部总监认为,新规对资产配置和流动性做出了要求,预计货币基金资产中,利率债等高流动性证券的配置价值将明显提升。

北京一小型公募投资经理也认为,新规一定程度利好固收投资中的其他券种选择,低评级的债流动性会更差,信用利差也会更大。然而,评级机构可能会调高一些债券的评级,毕竟AA评级的债需求量还是很大。

事实上,在金融危机后,以美国为代表的主要发达国家对公募基金监管规则做出较大调整,不断提升货币基金透明度,增强货币基金流动性和提高挤兑性赎回成本。

业内人士称,主要发达国家针对货币基金监管主要有两个方面,一是重点围绕货币基金进行监管改革,大幅提高风控要求,使货币基金具有更高的抗风险能力,防控大规模集中赎回引致的系统性风险隐患;二是在基金管理人内控层面完善流动性风险管控要求。鉴于基金流动性风险的复杂性,最新改革趋势均更强调基金管理人的自我管控与约束,强调压力测试及应急预案的制定。

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