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港交所李小加:一户一码是最好监管制度

2017-09-01 07:16:18   中国经济网

香港证监会对中介人进行现场审查及非现场监察,这包括监察中介人的业务操守,确定其是否遵守相关的规定;监察中介人的财政稳定程度;调查市场参与者(包括投资者)是否违反香港证监会所执行的法律法规,以打击证券及期货市场的失当行为。

另外,根据港交所与香港证监会签订的谅解备忘录,香港的证券市场是在双重监管的框架下运作。香港证监会是监管金融市场(包括交易所)的法定监管机构。港交所作为一个自律监管机构,与交易所参与者、业内人士、交易员和投资者有前线的接触。通过制定交易所的交易和结算规则来执行市场标准,这些规则对于香港证监会在确保公平有序的市场方面发挥了互补作用。

除了审批上市机构外,交易所还须履行市场监管的功能,以维护市场诚信,并对交易所参与者执行交易和结算规则。港交所与香港证监会协调监管工作,处理潜在违规交易和操纵行为,并与香港证监会分享早期侦查及初步调查的监管信息。另一方面,香港证监会有更大权力去综合和检阅各方的资料(包括交易所市场及不受港交所监管的场外交易市场),以调查潜在的不当行为和违规交易情况。

另外,在每个市场里,港交所和香港证监会将按照各自的监察参数密切注意市场的潜在风险。这一安排可以大大提高市场监察的力度。

金字塔关系的市场

优劣并存

谈及香港证监会和港交所对市场的监管,特别是港交所在前线的监管时与市场的关系,李小加称,从历史角度、国际角度以及中国特色角度进行对比来看,是存在异同的。

他介绍,国外市场的交易所以前是会员制,后来公司化,但这并没有改变持续至今的结构,“交易所与会员的关系仍是金字塔关系,即交易所在顶部,直接监管和运营的架构是在会员的基础上,交易所基本上不会和会员之外的交易机构有直接的关系。”

这个就是所谓的金字塔形式的管理结构,也称为多级托管制度。

“我们更多的是直接监督会员,市场检测体系是建立在会员之上,管理的是几百家,但最多也就上千家的机构。不像上海和深圳证券交易所实行的是一级托管,是‘一户一码’的制度,监管的是成千上万的投资者。”李小加说。

至于多级托管制和一级托管制,在李小加看来两者“谈不上优劣”。因为一个是经过一百多年自下而上发展起来的、约定成熟的市场。而A股市场毕竟时间很短,是自上而下建设起来的市场,拥有先天的后发优势,由最初的金字塔形式,到后来成为完全“一码一户”制的全球唯一的市场。

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