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汽油涨价“独角戏”:“飓风营救”缘何厚此薄彼

2017-08-29 09:16:29   新华网

受此消息影响,汽油期货RBOB9月合约在本周一亚洲盘早间再度飙升,截至目前涨幅收窄至3.23%。不过,原油期货市场却表现十分平淡,近两个交易日呈现横盘状态。

本是同根生 待遇何不同

同样是恶劣天气,为何汽油期货和原油期货分化如此明显?

“虽然‘哈维’对德州原油产销、运输产生了全面影响,但对原油来说,短期供需两弱,此次飓风将分别对本地生产、进口各造成100万桶/日的影响,而炼厂关停226万桶/日,也造成需求的下降,因此供需两者大致相抵,导致原油尚不至于发生短缺或者过剩,库存的影响也暂不明朗,而美国能源信息署(EIA)未释放美国战略原油储备(SPR)也说明了这一问题。不过,考虑到美湾是美国最大的炼化中心,对短期成品油市场的影响巨大,尤其是目前汽油可能发生阶段性短缺,汽油裂解持续走强。但需要注意的是,美湾石油行业经过了多次飓风‘洗礼’,其应对能力已大幅提高,大部分石油设施关停是有预防性质的,因此,要关注其对市场是否会形成更多脉冲性影响。”华泰期货原油及商品策略组组长潘翔指出。

高盛亦表示,“哈维”飓风对炼油行业和港口的威胁相比对石油或天然气产量的影响更大。受冲击风险最大的地区其炼油能力为640万桶/日,占目前美国整体炼油能力的35%。

CFTC报告显示,截至8月22日当周,投机者持有的原油投机性净多头减少18025手合约,至445448手合约。

金石期货分析师黄李强表示,首先,每年的七八月份,墨西哥湾都会出现飓风,只是级别大小而已,市场对此早有预期。其次,墨西哥湾附近的油井及炼厂对于飓风天气的应对已非常成熟,飓风对于油井和炼厂装置的影响相对有限,只是会在短期内迫使炼厂暂停生产。再次,飓风天气影响最大的还是炼厂,而炼厂关闭使原油需求下降,从而对原油价格产生利空作用。最后,飓风天气只会在原油供给短缺或者平衡时对价格产生较大影响,而目前处于供给大于需求阶段,因此,飓风天气对于原油的影响成为了次要矛盾。

脉冲式行情 且行且珍惜

“从需求端来看,原油需求以及馏分油需求相对旺盛,需求水平均高于历史同期,但汽油需求相对较弱,与去年同期水平相当,这也意味着原油需求并未完全转化为成品油需求。”方正中期期货分析师隋晓影表示,9月以后,随着夏季消费旺季的结束,油品需求将季节性下降,同时炼厂开工水平也将回落。

从历史数据来看,隋晓影表示,库存将在9月底或10月初以后重新步入上升通道,也就是说,当前美国油品库存持续下降的趋势可能并不能维持多久,加之产量持续攀升,四季度市场供应压力将重新加大,国际油价也将承压。

月间价差方面,WTI原油期货维持升水结构,但近月及远月月差均有所走弱;Brent原油期货维持贴水结构,1-2行及1-6行月差继续走强。

黄李强表示,目前原油市场基本面整体呈现供大于求局面,虽然在成品油消费旺季的刺激下,库存呈现下降态势,但由于消费旺季临近尾声,后期需求下降基本已是必然。不过,好的一方面是美元持续走弱对于价格形成了支撑。

“后期原油的走势并不明朗。一方面,美元指数低位对于其形成了支撑;另一方面,后期供需格局好转的概率不大,向上动力不足。因此,后期原油价格维持震荡的概率较大。”黄李强说。(王朱莹)

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