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物流企业争相“无人化”示好资本

2017-08-29 08:57:05   中国经济网

菜鸟网络也表示,过去的传统仓库,消费者下单之后,拣货员需要跑步到货架前,将货物拣出。由于一个订单往往有几件、几十件货物,拣货员需要在仓库内多次跑动,通常每小时只能拣货100多件。现在,拣货员与机器人搭配后,每小时的拣货量比以前提升了3倍多。

业内人士表示,当前物流产业正面临从互联网向物联网转型的新拐点,工业4.0已自然而然地融入物流仓储自动化领域。近几年,物流仓储自动化、智慧仓库等现代化科技的出现,将原本独立运作的自动化模块通过信息技术紧密联系起来,从而带来了物流业整体质的飞跃。

显然,物流产业正处于新技术、新业态、新模式的转型升级之际,而技术新红利也正在重塑中国物流价值链和物流产业新格局。

不过,刘大成认为,“无人物流”能否提升效率和降低成本,还需取决于应用场景和具体作业。“从物流效率上看,物流无人化在重复作业、承重作业、非精确搬运作业和高速识别作业上比人工更具有优势。但无人化不是万能的,特别是在处理复杂作业、柔性可变作业等方面,机器还不能替代人工。因此,企业不能为无人化而无人化。”

在他看来,“如果将人力与机器进行协作作业,即人做人擅长的,而机器做机器所擅长的,将有可能极大地提高效率和降低成本。”

全面普及为时尚早

尽管无人化物流已进入我们的视野,但专家认为,全面普及还为时过早。

刘大成说,在物流领域,不少“单元节点”的无人化才刚刚起步,在作业效率、作业质量和投入成本上还不能与人工相比;同时,人机融合时会更加突出人的创新、柔性和适应能力。因此,完全“无人化”还有待时日。

“当然,某个点的突破可能会带动整个系统的提升和发展,那么无人化物流的普及也可能在某个临界时间迅速达到。”刘大成说。

而在贯铄资本CEO、物流专家赵小敏看来,各大企业还无法将无人机、无人仓进行大规模商用。现阶段,物流无人化的成本远高于人工成本,且这些都是概念化的东西,离成熟运用和系统集成还有很大差距。

刘大成认为,目前加快普及无人化物流的难点还在于法律、技术、成本和运营等问题。“物流无人化的目的就是将货物更有效更准确地送达客户。然而,一旦出现法律纠纷,其责任应该由谁承担?遭受黑客入侵后如何问责?客户识别如何更为有效?”

值得一提的是,围绕物流业的“降本增效”,政府近期出台了一系列举措,鼓励发展智慧物流,这对物流业的发展产生了巨大的推动作用。

刘大成认为,政策利好带来了资本。物流业的竞争优势在于规模化、网络化和标准化,而这“三化”均需要资本的推动。传统物流因为其投入大、利润低且见效慢,很长时间都被资本所忽视。自2014年以来,中央审时度势,将物流业作为衔接生产和消费的拉动性产业给予持续支持,让资本越来越介入到物流业的产品创新与体系整合中,而物流无人化正是这一过程中产生的一大红利。

不过,刘大成也指出,未来物流无人化发展的难点,还在于如何把“人+无人”这个矛盾体变成融合体。

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