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双汇发展业绩双降背后:遇猪周期 主打产品反响平平

2017-08-28 14:35:57   中国经济网

从行业整体情况来看,猪价下行周期确实对行业内公司业绩造成了不良影响。不过除了外因,双汇发展的内因或许值得好好研究。

从公司自身来看,今年5月8日,双汇发展发布公告称,公司副总裁刘清德提交书面辞职报告,表示因个人原因请求辞去所担任的公司副总裁职务。此前,公司副总裁宋保国和副总裁李红伟都提交辞职报告,均表示因个人原因。

值得注意的是,在三位的辞职公告中,双汇发展都表示“这是个人原因”,将“另行其他安排”。至于具体什么安排,双汇发展没有做出解释。

另外,目前双汇发展进口的猪肉约占中国进口猪肉总量的四分之一,是中国最大的猪肉进口商,公司很大一部分依赖于进口猪肉。在2016年猪肉价格一路飙升之际,双汇的经营利润没有受到较大影响,因为2016年国际猪肉价格维持在较低的水平。

主打产品反响平平

有分析人士指出,双汇发展的三位副总裁纷纷离职,这或许与与双汇发展需要的发展冷肉食品与高档高温食品的预期不达标有关。

该人士还表示,近年来双汇一直重视肉制品的发展,却始终没有太大的突破,双汇近年来一直主打高端产品和美式,但目前看来市场反响平平。

申万宏源研究报告指出,从毛利率水平来看,双汇发展毛利率最高的是高温肉制品,2017年上半年的毛利率为30.5%;最低的是生鲜冻品(屠宰),2017年上半年仅为6.65%而已。

双汇发展2017年半年报数据显示,作为高毛利润的肉制品业务。上半年在成本上升3.32%的情况下,总体经营收入下降0.21%,其中高温肉制品成本上升3.09%,营业收入下降0.37%,毛利率下降2.34个百分点;生鲜冻品的成本下降8.93%,营业收入下降7.15%,毛利率则上升了1.82个百分点。

查看过去三年双汇发展的半年报发现,2014~2016年,双汇发展传统业务高温肉制品业务的收入连续三年下降,累计降幅为11%。相比之下,生鲜冻品收入连续三年增长,累计增幅达69%。

具体来看,生鲜冻品的毛利率很低,在历史上很少超过10%。而火腿肠和午餐肉等高温肉制品的毛利率高,而且提价能力还不错,此类产品的毛利率基本在10%~15%之间。高温制品的毛利率上升主要是靠提价,但收入却出现下降,这说明其销量在下降,进一步说明,消费者对高温制品对兴趣越来越低。同时,在这一类别市场中,各厂商的竞争也越来越激烈。

进口猪肉也是一把双刃剑,在国内猪肉价格下行周期,双汇发展大量依赖进口猪肉的弊端显现出来了。有数据显示,2017年国际猪肉价格较去年同期上涨约30%,较2016年年底价格已经上涨了一倍,国际猪肉价格达到了1.2万元/吨。虽然仍低于国内市场价格,但考虑到运费等额外费用,国际猪肉的成本已经接近于国内。并且,在今年5月份,国际猪肉的价格成本已经有超过国内的迹象。

对于目前的双汇发展而言,最为头疼的应该是当美国的猪肉价格高于国内时,如何在本土消化产能。毕竟美国猪肉在国内饱受争议,业内人士表示,进口猪在破坏行业内的价值秩序。

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