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私募报告:大象起舞注入新动能 国内市场驶上快车道

2017-08-25 09:16:47   中国经济网

下面将依次阐述“投资趋势”问卷中5个主题的调查情况,并在其中穿插介绍70家机构的一些样本总体特征以及实地调研经验。为了补充调研资料中收集的投后管理方面的内容,第5个主题将在原来“团队与激励”的基础上合并为“投后管理与团队”,从而完整地反映私募股权基金在“募、投、管、退”等环节中的主流状况。

一、宏观与政策观点总体谨慎

机构对2017年宏观经济形势及政策影响的总体观点较为谨慎。尽管有70%的机构认为国内宏观经济形势正常,但占比25%的偏冷观点还是透露出管理人明显的保守倾向。机构对国内GDP增长率和CPI的判断没有明显的分歧,与宏观统计数据一样具有较高的确定性。关于国内积极财政政策的影响作用,35%的评价为影响较大,而59%的机构则表示影响一般。占半数的机构认为全球经济增长前景乐观,是悲观论者的两倍。在影响市场流动性的多个因素中,机构认为金融去杠杆影响最大,美联储加息次之。

在关于私募股权行业政策环境的评判中,65%的机构认为2016年间中国私募股权行业相关政策有利于行业规范发展,认为干预过多的机构占比24%。为促进私募股权行业的健康发展,调查问卷中列举的需要调整和改进的政策选项基本上都受到了重视(图3)。前三类政策最受关注(量化打分在7-10区间)。第一是“税收”,认为较为重要的机构占比67%。它事关投资者的回报分配。这里虽然没有说明具体的税收因素及制约,但其重要性显而易见。尤其当投资项目的生存概率下降时,多层纳税与亏损项目涉税会带来较大压力。第二是“新三板市场建设”,持重要观点者占比56%。这一点事关投资项目的退出渠道,也间接影响到投资回报。第三是“外汇项目基金结汇”,持重要观点者占比51%。这一点反映出近三年多来国内私募股权行业快速发展以及企业加速海外布局时遭遇外汇管制所引发的矛盾冲突。当前的外汇管理政策有利于宏观形势的稳定。对私募股权基金而言,在一定程度上增加了外币资金募集、海外投资、国内企业开发海外市场机会等的难度和交易成本。

图3私募股权行业政策改进需求

二、竞争加剧募资渠道偏好自行募集

60%的机构认为竞争加剧,46%的机构认为募资难度小幅增长,而21%认为大幅增长。对于2017年新基金的募集,只募人民币基金的机构占比52%,而人民币和美元兼有的机构占比42%。结合投中信息的2017年GP调查来看,这种状况可能意味着即使受到外汇管制,美元基金的市场需求也仍在显著上升。新基金的募集期限集中在半年左右,存续期和资金规模则分别主要为4-7年、1-30个亿。

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