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做市三周年新三板水火交融

2017-08-24 08:02:50   中国经济网

新三板总市值用了不到4年时间就突破了5万亿。上交所、深交所达到这个市值则分别用了大概16年和19年。即使与创业板、中小板比,新三板总市值达到5万亿时间也相对较短。中小板花了大约10年的时间;创业板则是在7周年市值过5万亿元。

新三板融资功能也不弱。截至目前,新三板挂牌公司今年累计发行股票金额达796.34亿元,共1786家公司完成了股票发行融资,大约15%的企业成功融资。2016年,新三板大约有25%的企业实现融资。新三板也不乏一些高市值企业,其中九鼎集团以1024亿元问鼎,成为新三板领头羊。以神州优车为代表的互联网企业市值达到469亿。

虽然市值增长迅猛,但投资者对新三板的流动性却很不满意。目前,新三板日交易量在5亿元左右。而上交所1995年成交额就达到5亿元左右。

一位不愿透露姓名的专家说,做市交易作为舶来品,是与欧美证券市场的其他机制相互配套产生发展的,比如纳斯达克的做市交易制度,被证明是符合其新兴、流动性较差、小盘的市场组成特点。引入做市商制度,有利于解决新三板市场机构建仓、老股退出这些难题。但新三板市场做市制度比较麻烦,两个投资者之间不能直接成交。投资者看到的行情软件上面报价只有做市商报价,看不到其他投资者报价,当然就无法交易。投资者只能和做市商交易,做市商之间也无法交易(三点至三点半有盘后机制可以做市商之间调节库存,但较少发生)。

“做市制度是新三板市场一项开创性的制度,有利于这个市场的正常发育。”长期调研新三板企业的长城证券资产管理业务部业务董事郭志强认为,在实施过程中,一些企业发现,做市以后,券商手里的股权会流到三类股东即股权投资基金手里去,不利于企业管理;另外,做市后流动性增强,一些股东想出售股权,但接盘太少,不得不以低价倾销,对公司估值造成不利影响。由于股价波动很大,一些公司的股价甚至比早先定增的价格都还低,现在券商更不愿意参与定增。由于交易不活跃,券商、企业做市的积极性下降,也是正常反应。

新三板继续改革

未来取决于顶层设计

长城证券资产管理业务部业务董事郭志强认为,目前新三板的规模发展到了一个平台期,未来还会有更多企业被淘汰掉,数量上可能会出现负增长。

很多有见识的学者也在思考新三板问题。中央财经大学中国企业研究中心主任刘姝威上个月通过新浪微博,建议IPO企业先上新三板,再从新三板转板主板。证券市场的供给侧改革应以多层次资本市场体系为基础,将上市公司直接进入主板的IPO供给模式,转变为从新三板转板到主板的供给模式,发挥市场在金融资源配置中的决定性作用。此观点在业内引起很大反响。但郭志强认为,这个建议有正确的地方,但不大可能被管理层全部采纳。

深圳创东方投资公司也涉足新三板投资,该公司控股的公司也有在新三板挂牌。该公司董事长肖水龙认为,目前新三板市场安全性尚可,但因政策限制太多、投资门槛太高,不能进行连续竞价交易,流动性、盈利性不足,导致参与各方从期望到失望。但不可否认,这个市场确有一些潜质很好的企业。如果降低门槛到50万元、进一步分层,对一部分企业允许连续竞价交易,那么将有效提高市场的活跃度,很多企业就不用转板了。也可以把新三板创新层变成主板的预备板,符合条件的企业自动转到主板。使主板、创业板与新三板联动,共同成为一个全国性统一市场。

肖水龙对新三板的未来依然乐观,认为国家需要这个市场,而且它也开始发挥一部分融资功能,也获得了管理层好评。

国信证券场外市场部总经理鲁先德认为,政府对新三板市场很重视,这些年改革政策也在稳步推进。新三板的未来,主要看政策,一切取决于顶层设计。

力鼎资本创始合伙人、CEO,滦海资本董事长高凤勇建议管理层尽快推出与做市交易兼容的大宗交易制度。另外,他还建议建立清晰便捷的非交易过户制度、微调协议转让情形下的收盘价产生规则。

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