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分布式光伏电价为啥难降

2017-08-21 17:50:10   中国经济网

接入电网成本难降

土地成本之外,接入电网的费用,也是成本中的“大块头”。颜先生坦承,大型集中式电站,可以摊薄电网接入的成本,但在小型特别是分布式电站上,接入电网的投资很难“稀释”。

据悉,分布式电站一般是6兆瓦以下,接入电网需要一个10千伏的升压站,就近接入电网的费用在400万元左右,若不能就近接入,整体投资会增加100万元到200万元。基于此,光伏投资商和建设方,一般有一套严控成本的核算体系,根据每个地区的装机容量不同,设定外线接入的距离等限制“门槛”。

“价格要控制在每瓦0.2元到0.3元之间,若每瓦超过1元,这单业务就入不敷出,划不来了。”颜先生分析说。“接入电网的投资,一公里高达50万到60万元。国外很多光伏电站项目,接入由当地政府负责,但在国内,要靠光伏企业自己去完成。”知情者对经济导报记者透露。另一方面,出于技术标准方面的考量,企业即使愿意承担接入电网的费用,也未必会得到电网公司的同意。

丢不掉补贴“拐杖”

根据我国光伏产业“十三五”规划,到2020年装机总量达到150吉瓦,“十三五”时期,每年将新增15吉瓦-20吉瓦的光伏发电,政策推动之下,分布式光伏业增长迅速,颜先生的业务就由之前的地面光伏电站为主转为分布式光伏为主。

国家能源局新能源办公室相关人士之前公开表示,鉴于已经显示出来的巨大潜力,未来我国光伏的发展方向重点放在了中部和东部的分布式光伏电站上。

“7月1日执行新标杆电价之前,客户天天催货,今年上半年营业额就突破了8亿元,而去年一整年的营业额是9亿多元。”陈安东对于今年分布式光伏的增速感受深刻。

不可否认,分布式光伏的疾行,离不开国家政策的推动,尤其是离不开补贴这个“拐杖”。上述受访的王姓项目经理算了一笔账,建筑面积50平方米的民房阳面屋顶,其装机容量是5千瓦,用户的投资约需4万元,一年发电7000千瓦时,并网电价是0.85元/千瓦时,用户年发电收入5950元,如果没有补贴,需要7年才能回本。“好在每千瓦时能拿到的补贴为0.42元,且根据政策,20年补贴期限不变,这种局面之下,用户才有积极性。”

根据我国制定的2020年实现居民侧光伏发电平价上网的发展目标,2020年国内光伏发电每度成本须降至0.56元以下,较目前0.7元的成本须下降25%以上。

如何下降?陈安东给出一条建议,“光伏组件等设备成本在技术提高的基础上,有比较大的施展空间,比如电池片的金刚线切技术,在这一技术带动下,组件成本有望会下降到一个较低的水平。”

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