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上半年能源消费总体回暖 新旧动能持续转换

2017-07-24 09:29:04   中国经济网

“从整个能源结构看,在各地加快煤改气煤改电、扩大天然气利用、非化石能源发展步伐加快等措施的作用下,煤炭消费短期回暖是正常的,从长期看煤炭消费比重仍呈下降趋势。”李福龙说。

“三弃”问题明显好转

上半年,我国可再生能源行业整体呈现稳中有进、稳中向好的局面。数据显示,我国可再生能源发电装机突破6亿千瓦。其中,水电装机达到3.38亿千瓦、风电装机达到1.54亿千瓦、光伏发电装机达到1.02亿千瓦、生物质发电装机达到1330万千瓦。上半年,各类可再生能源发电新增装机3700万千瓦,约占全部电力新增装机的70%左右。

“这说明我国能源结构调整速度进一步加快,可再生能源已经进入了规模化发展的新阶段。目前,我国水电、风电、光伏发电装机容量已稳居全球首位。”国家能源局新能源和可再生能源司司长朱明说。

装机规模上升的同时,弃水弃风弃光现象明显好转。上半年,弃风率、弃光率分别下降7个百分点和4.5个百分点。

“弃水弃风弃光是可再生能源发展过程中出现的阶段性问题。”朱明表示,这个问题涉及能源结构调整、能源优化布局、电力调度运行、电力体制改革和市场化建设及绿色能源发展的落实等诸多方面,必须采用系统化方法解决。

为化解弃风弃光问题,过去一段时间,有关部门不断优化新能源开发建设布局,严格控制弃风弃光严重地区的风电和光伏发电新增建设规模,尤其是在新疆、甘肃等地区。避免加重存量项目运行困难,适当把发展重心转移到不弃风和不弃光的中东部和南方地区。

在调度方面,国家电网公司加大调控力度,充分发挥调度作用,实施全网统一调度,充分发挥大电网的作用,跨区域安排旋转备用容量和火电开机方式,深度挖掘系统调峰能力。

推进天然气市场化进程

天然气是优质、高效、清洁的低碳能源,提高天然气在一次能源结构消费中的比重是我国能源战略的重要组成部分。2000年至2013年,我国天然气消费量一直保持两位数增长,年均增速约16%。但从2013年下半年开始,受宏观经济增速放缓、国际油价大幅下跌、气价机制尚未理顺等因素影响,天然气消费增速出现阶段性放缓,2013年至2015年年均增速仅7%左右。

“出现上述情况既有外部发展环境问题,也是天然气产业尤其是天然气利用领域存在结构性矛盾的集中体现,主要包括:发展定位不明确、体制机制不完善、鼓励政策不配套、基础设施存在短板等诸多问题。”国家能源局石油天然气司副司长李英华说,这些结构性矛盾已经在一定时期内制约天然气投资主体的积极性和行业改革的市场化进程,成为影响扩大天然气利用规模的重要因素,亟需尽快解决和完善。

为解决上述问题,国家发展改革委等13部门日前联合印发的《加快推进天然气利用的意见》提出,逐步将天然气培育成为我国现代清洁能源体系的主体能源之一。到2020年,天然气在一次能源消费结构中的占比力争达到10%左右,地下储气库形成有效工作气量148亿立方米。“在促进天然气市场体系建设上,将压缩天然气供应中间环节,减少供气层级。天然气主干管网可以实现供气的区域和用户,不得以统购统销等名义,增设供气输配环节,提高供气成本。对没有实质性管网投入或不需要提供输配服务的加价,要立即取消。”李英华说。(经济日报·中国经济网记者王轶辰)

(责任编辑:刘朋)

责任编辑:孙启浩 CN037
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