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刘元春:推进供给侧结构性改革成效凸显

2017-07-20 15:22:48   中国经济时报

在理论创新方面,我认为,有三个方面的研究亟待突破,一是如何将新常态理论和供给侧结构性改革理论纳入社会主义市场经济理论的基本框架,并在框架和范式上与马克思主义政治经济学全面对接;进而在全面规范和完

善理论框架体系的基础上,形成新时期中国特色社会主义政治经济学的理论范式和理论体系。二是当前学术界仍然存在或全盘否定西方结构性改革理论或全面接受新自由主义的极端化倾向。因此,如何坚持中国特色社会主义政治经济学的正确方向,在批判的基础上吸收西方结构性改革理论的养分,也是深化供给侧结构性改革理论研究需要解决的重要问题。三是对于新常态理论和供给侧结构性改革的方法论、基本概念、基本命题等研究还不够深入,缺乏通俗化的话语体系和表达方式。这妨碍了社会各界对经济发展新常态和供给侧结构性改革全面、准确、深入理解,在落实中容易出现“跑偏”现象。深化理论研究,推动供给侧结构性改革理论体系化、系统化、通俗化,对于继续深化改革具有十分重要的意义。

在实践深化方面,也出现了一些亟待解决的新问题。一是对供给侧结构性改革的认识不够深入,影响了改革实施效果。一些实施部门对供给侧结构性改革的顶层设计和内涵理解不够到位,一些地方在推进改革中出现了简单化、表象化、运动化的问题,没有因地制宜、创造性地落实中央精神。二是过度依赖行政手段推进改革,难以形成供求自我平衡的良性循环机制。比如去产能时,一些煤炭和钢铁企业将去产能简化为“去产量”,导致很多产能存在死灰复燃的可能。因此,应更多用市场机制、法治手段推进供给侧结构性改革。三是重点不够突出。一些改革没有抓住“牛鼻子”,效果不够明显。一些地方在去产能的过程中没加强对“僵尸企业”的整顿,三四线城市去库存的力度仍不够,去杠杆用力太轻;一些地方偏重稳增长而轻视控风险,等。这些在供给侧结构性改革推进中出现的问题,可以进一步明确今年下半年深化改革的方向和重点。

中国经济时报:你认为推进供给侧结构性改革下一步的侧重点在哪里?进一步深化供给侧结构性改革的意义何在?

刘元春:习近平主席在2016年底的中央经济工作会议、中央政治局第三十八次集体学习和中央财经领导小组第十五次会议上的讲话,丰富了供给侧结构性改革的理论内涵,下一步应该以习近平主席系列讲话精神为推进供给侧结构性改革理论和实践创新的思想与行动指南,系列讲话精神有三大作用。一是丰富了供给侧结构性改革的理论体系。讲话深入分析了改革要破解的结构性失衡问题,还提出供给侧结构性改革的最终目的是满足需求,根本途径是深化改革。必须把改善供给侧结构作为主攻方向,从生产端入手,提高供给体系质量和效率,扩大有效和中高端供给,增强供给结构对需求变化的适应性,推动我国经济朝着更高质量、更有效率、更加公平、更可持续的方向发展。讲话还阐述了政府与市场、短期与长期、减法与加法、供给与需求四大关系,拓展了中国特色宏观调控思路,丰富了中国特色社会主义政治经济学。同时,明确了我国推行的供给侧结构性改革既不同于西方国家的结构性调整,不是对市场失灵的简单修补,又不同于我国过去以增量改革为主的改革,而是对政府与市场关系进行重构的一场深层次的全方位变革。既需要通过结构调整以促进生产力发展,更需要通过制度改革和创新推动深刻的生产关系变革。

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