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研学旅行有哪些“坑”?如何回归实践育人初衷?

2017-07-06 10:22:20   新华社

研学旅行背后乱象多

研学旅行正逐渐驶入发展的快车道,与此同时,各种乱象也开始显现。

——任意“贴标签”,过度逐利。业内人士表示,研学旅行基地、机构的资质参差不齐、准入门槛高低不一,存在一哄而上、杂乱无章的现象。在一些地方,研学旅行甚至成了某些商家任意定高价、从中逐利的幌子。

有家长曾爆料,个别机构为提高利润,恶意节省费用开支,导致饮食、住宿、交通等方面的服务水准大大降低,让孩子产生了较大的心理落差。

——“假大空”“走马观花”。目前,不少研学旅行项目仅仅停留在“走马观花”的层面,或是主打名校游、奢华游,但实质性的教育内涵和价值缺失,“假大空”现象普遍存在。

中国教育科学研究院研究员储朝晖表示,研学旅行倘若实施不好,可能会陷入“只学不旅”或“只旅不学”的怪圈。一些校外教育培训机构打着研学旅行的旗号,组织学生们换个场所补习校内课程,这就偏离了研学旅行的初衷。“有些学校尚未挣脱应试教育的镣铐,考评学生仍然唯分数论,对研学旅行则采取敷衍的态度,流于走走过场的形式主义。”

——师生比失衡,安全存隐患。一些研学机构在师资选拔、培训等方面欠缺考虑,老师素质参差不齐,师生比严重失衡,甚至出现过1名老师负责三五十名学生的情况,学生的人身安全存在极大的隐患。

周杰表示,研学旅行,尤其是海外项目存在较多安全误区,包括文化误区、法律误区等,如果机构对项目把控率不高,且没有很好的界定和排查,可能会出现很大的风险。

——行业标准和反馈机制缺失。福建师范大学旅游学院副院长骆培聪表示,从近几年研学旅行的实施情况来看,效果并不理想,一个很重要的原因在于行业标准和反馈机制的缺失。“不少学校只注重过程,但后续的督促检查、考核却乏人问津,这样就很难判断研学旅行是否取得了实质性的效果。”

多管齐下 让研学旅行回归初衷

受访专家认为,只有当整个市场成熟起来,行业逐步规范时,研学旅行才能真正发挥应有的作用,而这当中离不开政府、社会、学校、家长等多方的共同努力。

储朝晖建议,研学旅行要想真正落到实处,需要学校和家长进一步转变观念,孩子在成长过程中面临多种需求,不能一味强调“读万卷书”,而忽视了“行万里路”。另外,学校对学生的评价体系应该更全面一些,摒弃唯分数论的做法,可以考虑将学生对自然的兴趣、文化素养、人际交往能力等纳入考评体系中。“学校可以研究制定研学旅行的督导方式和评价标准,为学生综合素质评价提供依据。”

中国人民大学休闲经济研究中心主任王琪延认为,研学旅行需更多依靠市场的力量,政府则发挥引导作用,强化监督管理。可以通过成立政府认可的行业组织、产业联盟,再由相关组织来制定行业标准,包括研学旅行机构的准入门槛、退出机制和评价体系等,从而使政府在履行检查监督职能时有所参照。

王琪延建议,研学旅行在课程设置和线路拟定上要有科学合理的安排。研学旅行课程不应千篇一律,活动形式可以多元化,结合学生的接受能力和实际需要,突出专业性、知识性、科学性和趣味性。此外,过分热衷“名校游”“奢华游”的做法不可取,不妨让学生们走进田间地头,培养他们的劳动意识,锻炼他们的实际动手能力。

研学旅行的安全问题是重中之重。对此,骆培聪建议,各地应针对研学旅行的安全防控、医、食、住、行等各方面出台具体要求,并且要严格执行。研学旅行活动必须购买相关保险产品,同时还可以通过成立互助小组、明确责任人,来降低安全风险。

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