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40家房企举债近3700亿元 明年现偿债高峰期

2017-07-05 10:24:11   中国经济网

更重要的是,张吉辉认为,在境内去杠杆,境外美元进入加息通道的经济大背景下,房企依旧获得高额融资,这意味着创新融资方式(包括其他债权融资和新型股权再融资方式)已经成为大部分房企融资的主要方式之一。

张吉辉称,以6月份已披露数据来分析,创新融资方式所筹集资金占6月份融资总额的一半以上(50.93%);而40家上市房企6月份整体融资成本已抬升至5%以上,更甚者达到6%以上。其中,海外融资成本受美元加息的影响明显,较5月份以来利率整体上浮。目前,境内境外融资环境均不宽松,债权融资成本境内外同时提高,并且相差无几。

然而,更大的压力不是融资成本的上升,而是明后年将至的偿债高峰期。

明后年将出现偿债高峰期

有统计数据显示,2015年下半年以来,基于公司债发行门槛低、融资成本低等优势,公司债发行规模猛增。2015年全年房企发行公司债规模高达4302亿元,其中下半年占比达到95%,2016年前7个月,已累计发行5760亿元,超过去年全年水平。

而这些债务将在未来两年进入集中兑付期。

广发证券房地产分析师乐加栋预计,20 18年—2019年,样本房企债务兑付数量是未来几年的高点,兑付规模将分别高达3375亿元和4474亿元。当然,需要指出的是,大型房企凭借更高的销售回款额度以及更加稳健的财务水平,在融资方面将更具备优势。因此,真正需要警惕的是中小型房企的兑付风险。

更重要的是,2016年大量银行表外资金借道非标流入房地产领域,大量的表外融资使得房企杠杆水平存在被低估的现象,这意味着明后年房企的偿债压力比想象中更大。

长江证券房地产分析师蒲东君也表示,由于债务“期现结构”的原因,房地产企业资金链虽无近忧但有远虑。从短期债务偿付能力来看,货币资金覆盖率长期处于1倍以上,最高可达3倍以上,意味着房地产企业结余大量在手现金,短期没有偿债压力。但是从长期来看,由于2014 年至 2016 年,房地产企业发行了大量 3 年至 5 年期的公司债券等长期债务工具,将在 2017年下半年陆续迎来兑付期。

“大笔举债扩张的中小企业,高价拿地的企业,甚至项目布局城市不均衡的房企都将面临高杠杆运营带来的偿债压力,甚至有些房企将遭遇‘生死劫’,预计今年下半年,为了生存或者减压,房企的并购案将更多。”另有分析师向本报记者如是表示。

■证券日报 记者 王丽新

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