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杨涛:金融科技发展日新月异,监管如何与时俱进?

2017-06-28 17:56:45   

第五,科技监管。在金融科技创新过程中,风险既然是监管及各方最担忧的,那么完全可以先从技术角度入手,全面推动金融科技风险管理的优化。从宏观层面看,众多经济体的监管部门都开始大力发展RegTech模式,即在监管活动中充分运用新技术,来有效解决成本制约、信息不对称等传统监管难题。从中观层面看,无论是相关金融子行业还是子市场,都可以在传统风险管理活动中,更有效地运用新技术,从而改善金融监管。从微观层面看,把新技术与保险、担保等金融产品与服务相结合,能够更加有效地配合融资、投资类金融产品创新,达到更好地服务实体经济的效果,并且可以缓释金融体系中的风险。

第六,底线监管。去年以来,在互联网金融整治中出台的许多政策,都采取了“底线监管”的原则,并未对行业准入进行严格限制,仅明确了禁止的行为。所谓底线监管,本质上是负面清单管理,是指通过金融相关法律法规等明确规定禁止从事的金融活动,以及明确规定的金融机构、金融业务、金融产品和金融服务等的市场准入条件。一方面强调,凡是符合相关法律法规中准入条件规定的经济主体、金融业务、金融产品和金融服务等均可依法保障自由进入金融市场,无须再获得金融监管部门审批;另一方面则强调,法无禁止即可为,只要不在法律法规禁止范围内,各种金融创新均可依法展开。

第七,立体监管。面对金融科技对金融业态的全面冲击,亟待建立各类主体通力协作的立体化监管约束机制,并明确中央不同部门之间、中央和地方政府之间、部门监管与行业协会自律之间的责权划分。在此方面,可以充分借鉴欧美经验。例如在美国,面对新技术环境下数据服务商与征信服务商的边界模糊,除了监管者之外,美国的司法部门、联盟贸易委员会等都介入其中。需要注意的是,我国各地方情况千差万别,而许多新金融创新都扎根于地方特色,因此需重点推动适应金融科技发展的地方金融管理体制改革,在避免地方政府行政干预风险的同时,以市场化机制来实现地方金融科技创新与经济的对接。

第八,环境监管。我们需要基于比较的视野,分析在金融科技发展中,各国都出现的共性风险,究竟是什么原因?中国特色的“风险土壤”是什么?从根本上看,只有优化了金融发展的“土壤”,才能避免更多的“生长扭曲”,最终构建共享、共赢、健康、及可持续的金融科技生态体系,更好地把握“效率、安全、利益”的三角制约。例如,与金融科技发展相关的法律政策环境、基础设施环境、金融生态环境,都是必不可少的完善内容。另外,金融科技在快速发展中也出现了“鱼龙混杂”的情况,因此重点需要推动科技加各类金融业务的标准化,包括硬件、软件、业务、组织的标准化等。(中新经纬APP)

【专家简介】杨涛,中国社会科学院金融研究所研究员、所长助理,产业金融研究基地主任、支付清算研究中心主任。兼任全球共享金融100人论坛学术委员会副主任等。

关注中新经纬微信公众号(微信搜索“中新经纬”或“jwview”),看更多精彩财经资讯。

(中新经纬版权所有,未经书面授权,任何单位及个人不得转载、摘编或以其它方式使用。本文不代表中新经纬观点。)

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