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发改委就《外商投资产业指导目录(2017年修订)》答记者问
三是保持鼓励政策稳定。继续鼓励外商投资符合我国产业结构调整优化方向的领域,支持外资广泛参与“中国制造2025”战略和创新驱动发展战略,促进引资引技引智相结合,更好发挥外商投资企业对促进实体经济发展的重要作用。
问:2017年版《目录》与之前版本相比有哪些主要变化?
答:主要体现在两个方面:
(一)进一步扩大对外开放领域
从条目看,2017年版《目录》进一步减少了限制性措施。在2015年版《目录》减少约一半限制性措施基础上,本次修订再次推进大幅放宽外资准入。2017年版《目录》限制性措施共63条(包括限制类条目35条、禁止类条目28条),比2015年版的93条限制性措施(包括鼓励类有股比要求条目19条、限制类条目38条、禁止类条目36条)减少了30条。与此同时,鼓励类条目数量基本不变,继续鼓励外资投向先进制造、高新技术、节能环保、现代服务业等领域。
从行业看,2017年版《目录》进一步提高了服务业、制造业、采矿业等领域开放水平。服务业重点取消了公路旅客运输、外轮理货、资信调查与评级服务、会计审计、农产品批发市场等领域准入限制,制造业重点取消了轨道交通设备、汽车电子、新能源汽车电池、摩托车、食用油脂、燃料乙醇等领域准入限制,放宽了纯电动汽车等领域准入限制,采矿业重点取消了非常规油气、贵金属、锂矿等领域准入限制。同时,鼓励类增加了特殊医学用途配方食品、虚拟现实(VR)/增强现实(AR)设备、3D打印设备关键零部件、城市停车设施等符合产业结构调整优化方向的项目。
(二)提出外商投资准入负面清单
本次《目录》修订另一个主要变化就是对结构进行了调整,明确提出外商投资准入特别管理措施(外商投资准入负面清单)。2016年9月全国人大常委会审议通过的《中外合资经营企业法》等四部法律修正案提出,举办外商投资企业不涉及准入特别管理措施的,适用备案管理。经国务院批准,同年10月,国家发展改革委、商务部发布公告,提出外商投资准入特别管理措施范围按2015年版《目录》限制类、禁止类以及鼓励类中有股比要求的规定执行。按照负面清单模式改革要求,2017年版《目录》更进一步,将部分原鼓励类有股比要求的条目,以及限制类、禁止类整合为外商投资准入负面清单,作为对外商投资实行准入前国民待遇加负面清单管理模式的基本依据。负面清单之外的领域,原则上不得实行对外资准入的限制性措施,外商投资项目和企业设立实行备案管理。
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