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全程无人驾驶——探秘地铁燕房线

2017-06-18 12:51:51   新华社

“所有环节都实现了全自主化!”与记者一同体验燕房线的北京市轨道交通建设管理有限公司总经理丁树奎难掩兴奋之情,“目前,北京机场线、上海10号线虽采用全自动运行技术建设,但都是由国外公司提供技术方案。技术受制于人,付出的成本也更高昂。”

从核心技术研发到装备研制,再到车辆研发生产,燕房线的建设由多家单位共同参与,逐渐培育起全自动运行地铁产业。北京市轨道交通建设管理有限公司、北京交通大学、北京市地铁运营有限公司、北京市基础设施投资有限公司、交控科技股份有限公司、长春轨道客车股份有限公司、青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司等单位,共同促成了自主化全自动技术在内地的第一次应用。

“作为国内专门从事轨道交通控制与安全基础理论与关键技术研究的国家级重点实验室,我们实验室负责全自动运行系统相关的控制策略、车地通信、系统设计方法等研究工作。”北京交大轨道交通控制与安全国家重点实验室主任唐涛说,全自动运行并非“无人驾驶”那么简单,而是要实现列车运行全过程、全场景的自动控制。它是一个庞大、精准的运行体系,配置了自主研发的以行车控制为核心的综合自动化系统,高可靠、高可用的车载控制器,完备列车检测、诊断及大容量专用车地通信系统,使控制中心实时掌控所有列车的运行状况,及时应对各种突发状况。

“燕房线突破了全自动运行系统集成应用及工程化关键技术、技术装备研制、集成测试、集成创新及应用。”在北京交大轨道交通运行控制系统国家工程研究中心主任李开成看来,燕房线提高了我国在城市轨道交通控制领域的技术装备和产业化水平。

“与现有的线路相比,燕房线工程的总造价增加了不到2%,但其投入运营后更加节能,能节省15%左右的电能。”丁树奎说。

更精细更安全! “无人驾驶”降低人工失误风险

提到“无人驾驶”,有些人总觉得心里不踏实。对此,唐涛表示,相比于目前广泛应用的人工驾驶系统,全自动运行降低了人为失误带来的安全风险。

“传统列车的‘有人驾驶’很大程度依赖于驾驶员的个人反应和经验,驾驶员操作迟缓、动作失误会影响运行效率,甚至引发安全事故。而全自动运行地铁在运行中会根据即时发生的情况,第一时间由计算机程序自动反应并作出‘最优决策’,并由专用高可靠计算机负责全过程防护列车,防止超速、撞车等。”唐涛说,“实际上,‘无人驾驶’更精细更安全。”

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