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贾晋京:这只是前奏,美联储加息或引发全球流动性战争

2017-06-16 17:24:08   

在美联储法案中,国会设定的联储政策目标为:充分就业,稳定的物价,适中的长期利率。但是作为美国事实上的“央行”,美联储也有自身的部门利益。

2009年,美联储释放巨量流动性来缓解金融危机带来的灾难性后果,挽救美国金融业。2012年,为了提振疲软的经济走势,美联储推出了第三轮“无限期”量化宽松政策。

在美联储一路“买买买”的宏观政策助推下,美股一路高涨至21300多点,比2008年金融危机之前最高水平14115点还要高50%以上。以股票市场为代表,美国资产价格普遍被高估。6月,美银美林对210名全球顶级投资者的月度调查显示,84%的投资者认为美股是世界上被高估最多的资产,这创下了有史以来的最高记录,甚至比1999年美国科技股大泡沫时还多。

美联储5月FOMC会议纪要就曾在加息暗示和缩表纲领之外,再一次发出对美国部分资产类别价格过高的警告,尤其是商业地产估值过高,容易面临高位的波动性风险,从而对金融稳定造成影响。正是为了对冲未来可能引发的金融安全风险,美联储加息、缩表双管齐下,在全球“流动性”争夺战中主动出击。

全球流动性争夺战一触即发

6月,全球金融市场都面临流动性紧张的局面。在中国,6月也是“钱紧”的日子。6月初至今,30天的上海银行间同业拆放利率(Shibor)大涨51个基点,是2013年以来同期涨幅最大的一次。同时,自2013年6月以来,国债收益率曲线再次“倒挂”,1年期国债到期收益率6月8日涨6个基点至3.66%,超过10年期国债收益率的3.65%。

而在过去的六个月,全球信贷脉冲(信贷增量占GDP比重)骤降,德国、意大利、墨西哥的信贷脉冲都出现了显著地下降,美国的信贷脉冲也降至负数水平。而信贷脉冲的急剧下降往往是全球经济陷入衰退的先兆。

如何在这样的紧急时刻为美国金融行业打造安全的降落伞?这是美联储需要思考的问题。而此次会议的决定也指明了未来全球流动性争夺战的路径图:一方面通过加息,吸引资本流入美国市场,缩窄流动性外流闸门,从而为过于高估的美国资产价格提供超额流动性支撑;另一方面,缩小资产负债表,抛售量化宽松期间大量购买的金融资产,防范金融风险。

而美国增强本国市场吸引流动性的举措,必将导致全球其他国家资金面的进一步萎缩,从而被迫参与到这场全球流动性的争夺中。

2017年全球经济或将面临更加严峻的“寒流”,美联储加息,只是全球流动性争夺战日趋白热化的前奏。而这一切变化,无疑会重塑全球经济版图的布局,对未来经济形势的展望,应持更加审慎的态度。(中新经纬APP)

【专家简介】贾晋京,中国人民大学重阳金融研究院宏观研究部主任、首席研究员,研究领域包括国际金融、宏观经济、全球治理、创新与产业政策等。刘典,中国人民大学重阳金融研究院助理研究员。

关注中新经纬微信公众号(微信搜索“中新经纬”或“jwview”),看更多精彩财经资讯。

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