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报告指“大学生收入不如农民工”是伪命题

2017-06-15 17:19:01   北京晚报

另外,从2012届到2016届,本科毕业生的平均月收入从3366元增长到4376元,增幅为30%。考虑到通货膨胀,在根据居民消费价格指数CPI进行调整后,月收入依然增至4043元,增幅为20%。同样,2012至2016届高职高专毕业生的平均月收入从2731元增长到3599元,增幅为32%。在根据CPI进行调整后,月收入增幅也有22%。

此外报告显示,与自身相比大学生收入增幅也非常明显。2013届大学生毕业三年后平均月收入与其毕业时相比涨幅为84%。其中本科涨幅为87%,高职高专涨幅为81%。本科生和高职高专生毕业三年后的月收入显著高于农民工。2013届本科毕业生三年后月收入为6667元,比2016年农民工人均月收入的3275元要高出3392元;2013届高职高专毕业生三年后月收入为5312元,比2016年农民工人均月收入高2037元。

专家表示,这反映了高等教育回报在三年内效果明显。本科和高职高专毕业生职业发展的后发力较强。

教育和金融产业就业比例增长最多

报告显示,民企、中小微企业、地级市及以下地区等依然是大学生主要就业去向,且比例持续上升。大学毕业生在民营企业就业的比例从2012届的53%上升为2016届的60%,与此同时,在国有企业就业的比例从2012届的25%下降到2016届的19%,在中外合资/外资/独资企业就业的比例从2012届的12%下降到2016届的8%。

同时,2012至2016届大学毕业生在3000人以上大型用人单位就业的比例从26%下降到21%,在300人以下的中小微用人单位就业的比例从48%上升为55%。大学毕业生在地级市及以下地区就业比例从2012届的54%上升为2016届的56%。

产业方面,信息、教育等知识密集型产业雇佣大学毕业生比例持续上升,建筑、制造等劳动密集型产业雇佣大学毕业生的比例下降。与2014届相比,2016届本科、高职毕业生就业比例增加最多的行业类均为“教育业”,本科毕业生就业比例增加3.1个百分点,高职毕业生就业比例增加1.8个百分点。其次均为 “金融(银行/保险/证券)业”。

与2014届相比,2016届本科毕业生就业比例降低最多的行业类是“建筑业”,降低了1.6个百分点;2016届高职高专毕业生就业比例降低最多的行业类是“交通工具制造业”,降低了1.7个百分点。

此外,机械、化工、纺织等传统制造业面临挑战,在大学生各项主要就业指标上亮起了“红灯”。以本科为例, 2012届毕业生有28.8%在制造业就业,到2016届该比例下降了近9.4个百分点,跌至19.4%。毕业生就业满意度和薪资水平也相对较低。

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