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个别拟上市企业系统性造假触目惊心

2017-06-13 17:02:34   中国经济网

在经过调查后,证监会在(2016)3号《中国证监会市场禁入决定书》中认定康华农业为实现借壳上市目的,有组织地进行了系统性财务造假。

有资深会计师在与《证券日报》记者交流时表示,即便整个审计过程没有一点瑕疵,审计师也很难在企业及所有相关方都参与造假的情况下发现问题。“审计师没有执法权,无法拿到企业客户开户行的对账单。”

在该会计师看来,银行、客户等方面配合企业肆意造假,投资者是受害者,审计机构也是受害人。

中国政法大学民商经济法学院教授、曾任中国证监会行政处罚委员会副主任委员的张子学在其《以强有力的事后执法维护注册制改革》文章中曾指出,如何区分、界定发行人与保荐、承销、审计、律师、评估、评级等中介机构的责任,以及这些中介机构之间的责任分配,是各方面争议与关注的焦点。

他建议把握三点,一是责任、义务、风险要与定位、权利、收益相匹配,二是精准打击,即惩治哪些人、刺痛哪根神经更能有效防止欺诈,三是要考虑现实的专业能力与专业特长。既要借鉴域外经验,更要结合与针对我们的实际情况,防止比猫画虎反类犬。

比如,针对发行人、中介机构及有关人员等不同的责任主体,如何更好地设计无过错责任(绝对责任、严格责任)、过错推定责任、过错责任的分层。如何更好地设定从重从轻的情节与体现“比例原则”,同样是财务欺诈,造假幅度、主观恶性、危害程度不同,量罚上也应有区别,有的是纯粹虚构的交易,显然要比提前确认收入严重,而伪造客户公章造假则更是胆大妄为。应否追究发行人内部具体实施、参与造假的中层人员、核心雇员的责任,应否追究商业客户、银行机构、PE机构乃至地方政府等外部帮助教唆者的责任。

业界呼吁

加大对参与造假者处罚

有市场人士认为,除了警戒审计机构,应尽快修法,使造假企业和参与造假的各方都受到严厉惩处,这样才能从源头上改变企业造假的土壤。

对此,中国人民大学商法研究所所长刘俊海教授在接受《证券日报》记者采访时表示,一方面,中介机构要爱惜羽毛,定位一定要清楚,要代表投资者去睁大眼睛;另一方面,要标本兼治,从源头治理。对于被处罚主体,要树立谁参与造假谁受罚的观念。

而目前的现状是,根据现行的《证券法》,对虚假陈述企业的顶格处罚为罚款60万元,而其他参与造假的各方,大多并没有受到惩处。

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