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全国小麦收获进度超七成 信息、绿色、质量是亮点

2017-06-13 17:02:28   

今年,农业部开通了农机直通车信息服务平台,各小麦主产区成立“三夏”跨区作业指挥中心,农机企业发展互联网+机收、互联网+维修的模式,为农机手提供越来越精准的服务。信息化手段的运用加上组织调度更高效,全国连续8天日机收面积超过千万亩,单日机收最高超过2000万亩,同一地区收获时间由以往的7天左右缩短为5天左右,全国较往年提前进入机收高峰期。

绿色“三夏”——

小麦秸秆有去处

今年的金色麦浪渗透着浓浓“绿意”。在湖北钟祥市冷水镇的一处麦田,记者看到了这样一幕:收割机率先作业,成片的小麦瞬间被一分为二,籽粒部分汇集到粮仓、秸秆部分被粉碎后平铺在麦地里。随后,打捆机将粉碎的秸秆捡拾、打捆,原本散落的秸秆变成了结实的麦秸捆。越来越多的地方,小麦机收与秸秆处理、产地烘干同步完成,既绿色又高效。湖北省今年小麦秸秆还田率在80%以上,比去年增长3个百分点左右。环保部卫星遥感监测显示,今年该省秸秆露天焚烧火点比去年同期减少近一半。

还有一些主产区探索了小麦整株青贮的收获模式。在山东高青县青城镇西三里村的麦田里,记者看到,五六台改造后的青贮小麦联合收割机正在作业。整株小麦被压成青贮原料,从出料口进入紧随其后的运料车。远处,几辆运料车正驶往淄博得益乳业的畜牧基地。“可别小看这些粉碎的小麦秸秆,它可是奶牛的‘香饽饽’。经过高温、压缩处理后,小麦秸秆就变成了优质饲料,营养价值高,奶牛愿意吃,产奶量和质量也高。”青城镇农委主任魏长山说。

小麦秸秆禁烧是个老大难问题,核心就在于给秸秆利用找出路。今年夏收,江苏、安徽等省地方财政拿出专项资金,对机械化秸秆粉碎还田给予每亩10元至25元的作业补贴。山东、河北等地推广秸秆捡拾打捆利用技术,探索将秸秆作为饲料、燃料、造纸原料等,将秸秆变废为宝。中国农科院作物所研究员赵广才说,秸秆还田后,耕地的有机质含量提高了,还能保水保肥,提高作物产量,并且减少化肥的使用;而秸秆打捆再利用可以促进种植养殖相结合,既促进秸秆禁烧,又实现了农民增收。

记者了解到,国家对购置秸秆机械化还田机具,也将给予定额补贴,不少联合收割机加装了秸秆粉碎机;区别于以往,小麦收获、秸秆打捆为一体的新式收割机让秸秆还田、免耕播种等绿色农机化技术得到了广泛应用;农机企业推出的达到“国三”排放标准的联合收割机,在环保上做到了与国际接轨……随着机械化秸秆还田快速发展,不少地方露天焚烧秸秆的现象明显下降。据统计,黄淮海地区小麦秸秆综合利用水平超过80%。

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