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3000上市公司财报凸显失衡之困 利润过于依赖金融业

2017-06-07 09:35:00   经济参考报

推进新旧动能转换实体经济回暖明显

近期,在深圳比亚迪公司,董事长王传福兴奋地向记者描绘着公司的“云轨”未来。“比亚迪为云轨项目5年累计投入50亿元,目前成效开始显现,现在已有5座城市开工建设。”王传福说。在不少业界人士看来,发展“云轨”、推进公共交通的供给侧改革,能助力解决交通拥堵、空气污染等“城市病”,带动系统集成、电池电力等相关产业发展。比亚迪2016年年报显示,公司营业总收入达1034.7亿元,同比增长29.32%,净利润增长78.94%。

从沪深上市公司财报观察,像比亚迪公司这样,通过研发创新、推进供给侧改革,并带动企业业绩好转的上市公司不在少数。2016年,沪市公司共实现营业收入、净利润24.46万亿元、2.18万亿元,同比上升4.55%、1.29%,扭转2015年营收、利润双降的局面;深市上市公司实现营业总收入、净利润8.21万亿元、0.58万亿元,同比增长15.10%、26.39%,增速相比2015年大幅上涨。

面对错综复杂的国内外形势,不少企业主动适应经济发展新常态,以供给侧结构性改革为主线,积极推进结构调整和新旧动能转换,也出现了不少亮点。

首先,实体经济回暖明显,供给侧改革扎实推进。以沪市为例,2016年,扣除金融类企业,沪市实体类公司实现营业收入、净利润18.91万亿元、0.72万亿元,分别同比上升5.72%、12.98%,一改2015年-8.57%、-21.93%颓势,实体经济回暖态势显现。不少传统行业企业加大供给侧结构性改革力度,业绩明显改善。如化工龙头企业万华化学,在经历2015年业绩下滑后,2016年实现净利润36.79亿元,同比增长128.57%。

其次,“三去一降一补”取得阶段性成果,经济结构调整不断深化。深市统计数据显示,2016年深市钢铁行业、煤炭行业固定资产投资额,分别同比下降19.43%、18.05%。深市房地产企业存货在总资产中占比由2015年末的60.19%降低至2016年末的53.96%。以万科为例,在公司持续观察的14个主要城市中,2015年末新房库存为1.39亿平方米,2016年末降至0.93亿平方米。

再次,战略性新兴产业持续增长,创新驱动发展战略深入实施。以深市为例,目前共有战略性新兴产业上市公司784家,占深市上市公司家数的40.04%,2016年实现营业总收入、净利润25056.43亿元、1971.03亿元,同比增长19.57%、26.94%。“目前国家正在大力推进发展绿色环保产业,我们要抓住这个机会,把细分领域事情做好。”东江环保总裁陈曙生说。东江环保主营业务为危废处理,2016年公司实现净利润5.34亿元,同比增速60.53%。

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