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央行“补水”4980亿元MLF 6月资金面预期紧平衡

2017-06-07 09:33:50   

6月6日,Shibor隔夜利率上行2.52个基点至2.8419%,逼近5月初以来的高点。Shibor1月期和3月期利率分别大幅上涨8.03个基点和3.52个基点。

存款类机构质押式回购利率中,被视作货币目标利率的DR007加权利率出现回落,昨日下行至2.9422%,其余期限利率多数上扬。

利率“倒挂”缘何产生

回顾今年上半年,货币市场的“倒挂”现象频发。首先是国债收益率倒挂。自4月下旬起,国债10年期和7年期品种出现倒挂,之后逐渐倒挂至5年期、3年期品种。

国联证券固收研究团队指出,历史上也出现过多次利率倒挂现象,这一次倒挂与以往的相似之处在于,当前亦是收益率整体上行的阶段;不同之处在于,5月中旬资金面尚可,并不是由于资金骤紧引发倒挂。本质上来说,还是投资者谨慎、债券市场流动性不佳影响到了定价体系。

进入5月份后,随着中长期资金利率持续走高,1年期Shibor与贷款基础利率(LPR)也于5月22日首次出现倒挂,且利差逐步走阔。截至昨日,1年期Shibor比一年期LPR高出9.22个基点。

方正证券在债券研究报告中指出,Shibor与LPR倒挂可能源于两方面原因:一是货币政策的方向没有发生预期层面的改变,近来略微放松的货币供应更多去压榨了期限利差,资金利率仍然向上;二是由于金融监管仍然在高敏感期,银行今年以来试图提升负债端的期限,资金利率曲线却出奇陡峭,Shibor一年期比相对短期限的7天和1天上升更快。

不过,这个结构看上去是银行的成本及收益的倒挂,但实际影响并没有想象得那么大。因为自2013年贷款利率全面放开后,银行已经可以通过主动性贷款利率上浮来缓解自身的利润压力;此外,银行对其他存款性公司的负债仅占5%左右,且1年期期限负债的比例较少,1年期Shibor应该不具备衡量银行负债成本的标杆性。

对于上述现象,伍戈认为:“利率倒挂是不正常的现象,最终会通过资金熨平下来。不过预期后期资金面仍不会有明显松动。”

为符合监管方向,“银行开展自查,对委外业务的态度谨慎,有的甚至停止开展相关业务,导致资金紧张、利率上行,中小型金融机构、非银机构等资金成本上涨。央行被动受到监管影响,吐出部分流动性。”伍戈说:“不过从年初到现在,央行货币政策始终维持中性略微偏紧的基调。”

从资金面总体情况来看,“6月资金面偏紧是大概率事件,但MLF投放举措也反映出央行有呵护中长期资金面的意图。”李奇霖表示。(记者 金嘉捷)

(责编:乔雪峰、夏晓伦)

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