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专家:银行未出现“存款大战” 定价差异化逐渐成常态

2017-06-07 09:33:29   中国经济网

“我们预计,在进入三季度之后,随着银行业资产负债结构调整逐步到位,以及季度末因素逐渐消退,市场利率大概率会有所回落,并稳定在中性适度水平。从整体经营状况来看,考虑到净息差扩大、资产质量好转等因素,今年银行业的业绩表现应会好于2016年,规模增长虽有所放缓,但利润增速有望回升。”曾刚说。

存款定价差异化逐渐成为常态化

江西银行战略研究院副院长刘涛对中国经济网记者表示,部分媒体炒作银行“存款大战”,很大程度上还是基于当前我国利率市场化持续深化这一大背景,存在先入为主的想象。

理论上,利率管制取消之后,作为个体的银行似乎有足够动机采用更具竞争性的利率来吸收存款,资金成本会有所抬升。但从各国数据来看,结论并不完全如此。如韩国、日本伴随着利率市场化推进,其国内商业银行存款利率并没有一味升高,而是经历了一个逐步下降或“先升后降”的过程。同样,在贷款利率方面,“先下滑、再平稳”是各国普遍规律,无休止的贷款利率下滑大战也并没有出现。

为什么会出现上述结果?刘涛认为答案只能是银行在经历利率市场化初期的冲击和博弈后,已变得日益成熟。存款利率不可能无限制抬升,贷款利率也不可能无限制下滑,当利差收窄到一定程度时,银行间的竞争自然会转向其他方面,如追求为客户提供更好的服务、更精细化的内部管理等。对于我国商业银行而言,监管部门和行业自律组织的积极有力引导,也是银行日趋成熟稳健的另一个重要原因。

浙商银行发展规划部分析研究中心总经理杨跃认为,“存款大战”的说法难免危言耸听。

那么,如何理解当前的市场利率走势? 杨跃表示,首先,银行存款利率应该有波动。2015年我国取消存款利率上限限制,标志利率市场化工作宣告基本完成。利率市场化改革核心就是给予相关金融机构充分的资金定价权,自行决定存贷款利率价格。由此,不同商业银行之间的存款定价差异化逐渐成为常态化,动态调整存款利率是自然的,甚至是必须的。

其次,银行存款利率变动是经营需要。存款是银行重要的资金来源。今年来受美国加息和国内货币政策影响,市场资金价格有所上升,流动性有所趋紧。部分银行采取存款利率上浮等措施,更多的是基于自身经营决策考虑。不同银行的发展目标不一样,客户结构不一样,资金来源也有所差别,部分银行自然会通过提升价格等多种方式获取存款这一战略资源。这既正常,也合理。

最后,杨跃强调,银行存款利率不存在非理性的大幅上浮。

(责编:贾兴鹏、夏晓伦)

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