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电力反垄断第一案浮出水面 山西发电企业几乎全卷入

2017-06-06 12:50:38   经济参考报

而执法机关则认为,没有印发《公约》并不影响垄断协议的达成,垄断协议的达成和实施,不仅看目的,更要看行动以及行动的后果,本案当事人按照约定的价格幅度进行交易,有效实施了垄断协议。而电力行业协会组织企业约定直供电交易价格,属于组织本行业的经营者达成价格垄断协议。这些都违反了反垄断法相关规定。

多位专家在接受《经济参考报》记者采访时对涉案方的申辩做了点评。

山西省电力行业协会提出,“山西火电企业产能严重过剩、利用小时大幅度下滑达到了历史最低水平”,其规定让利幅度的做法符合反垄断法相关豁免规定。对此,中国社会科学院副研究员苏华指出,竞争者之间因经济不景气,为缓解销量下降或生产过剩而达成的垄断协议俗称“危机卡特尔”,同其他类型的垄断协议一样,危机卡特尔扭曲竞争、推高价格,但并不能从根本上解决周期性和结构性生产过剩,不符合我国去产能、供给侧改革、实体企业降成本的宗旨要义。“如果没有‘危机卡特尔’,企业对市场和技术进步的反应速度往往更有效,进而更快地退出市场或走出危机。”苏华说。

君合律师事务所律师魏瑛玲指出,涉案行业协会及企业若基于反垄断法第十五条主张豁免,还要证明其协议不会严重限制相关市场的竞争,并能够使消费者分享由此产生的利益。如果根据协议完成的交易占比较高,则通常很难证明该协议没有严重限制相关市场的竞争。从全球反垄断实践经验看,对价格垄断协议的豁免应格外审慎,否则企业将习惯于从事此类活动,继而在国内外市场上面临更大的反垄断风险,长远看将非常不利于我国企业“走出去”参与国际竞争。

对于涉案当事人提出的产能过剩以及反垄断法不适用于电力市场等申辩理由,中国政法大学副校长时建中说,我国推进去产能和供给侧结构改革是遵循市场经济规律的主动作为,要求充分发挥市场机制的基础作用和更好发挥政府引导作用,用法治化和市场化手段化解过剩产能。企业不应将去产能理解为具有竞争关系的企业之间可以联合限价而不受反垄断法约束。

时建中指出,反垄断法是企业参与市场竞争的经济宪法,该法对各行业各所有制经营者的市场行为一视同仁。对于引入竞争的发电和售电环节,反垄断法的适用并无任何例外。记者 林远 北京报道

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