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香飘飘三度冲击IPO受阻:广告费远超净利 研发费用低

2017-05-23 10:20:53   经济参考报

广告费用远超净利润

招股书同时也将香飘飘产品结构单一、广告支出超净利润等问题暴露于公众视野中。

公开资料显示,香飘飘成立于2005年,在通过名人代言、电视剧植入、综艺节目冠名等一系列耗费巨大广告费用的营销之后,香飘飘迅速成为中国最大的杯装奶茶的制造商,这一高度依赖巨额广告投入的增长模式,在成就了香飘飘市场影响力的同时,也成为这家企业最为受人诟病的地方。

招股说明书披露的材料显示,2014年-2016年,香飘飘的营业收入分别为20.93亿元、19.52亿元和23.90亿元,净利润分别为1.85亿元、2.03亿元和2.66亿元。其中,杯装奶茶产品营业收入2014年、2015年和2016年分别达到20.65亿元、19.26亿元和23.64亿元,占公司全部营业收入的98.68%、98.68%和98.90%。

相比之下,2014年-2016年,香飘飘的广告费用分别达到了3.33亿元、2.53亿元和3.59亿元,均已大幅超过了同期上市公司的净利润。而在市场推广层面,香飘飘则对经销商出库量和分销量等考核基础上进行一定方式的返利和补贴,包括固定返利、专项补贴和市场推广补贴,2014年-2016年,上述三项补贴总额分别为0.89亿元、2.23亿元和2.99亿元,占主营业务的收入比例分别达到了4.31%、11.59%和12.66%。2015年-2016年,这一补贴的规模均已经超过了上市公司同期本身的净利润。

另一方面,2014年-2016年,香飘飘的研发支出分比为1477万元、559万元和639万元,研发支出占营业收入比例仅为0.71%、0.29%和0.27%。在公司员工结构中,香飘飘的技术人员为79人,占员工人数比例仅为3.04%。

有分析人士表示,企业每年投放动辄数亿元、几十亿元的巨额广告费,在食品、饮料等快消品行业并不鲜见。然而,一味靠烧钱打广告来支撑业绩,并不可取。持续依靠“烧钱式”广告投入带来的很可能是一种非健康式的业绩增长,高昂广告费最终会成为侵蚀公司净利润的“定时炸弹”。眼下的市场环境下,企业打广告必不可少,但关键还是要有过硬的产品来支撑。香飘飘奶茶目前产品过于单一,创新性不足或将制约其增长潜力。

而对于产品单一化的争议,香飘飘也在做出改变。招股说明书显示,香飘飘拟将部分募集资金(约1.6亿元)用于“年产10.36万吨液体奶茶建设项目”。这也意味着,香飘飘打算进入液体奶茶市场。但面对液体奶茶市场的众多竞争对手,香飘飘面临的挑战并不小。

采购数据遭质疑

4月20日,证监会下达的《香飘飘食品股份有限公司首次公开发行股票申请文件反馈意见》,对香飘飘涉及同业竞争,关联交易,经销商模式,供应商采购等多方面,共提出13个规范性及29个信息披露的问题。《反馈意见》要求结合报告期各期发行人的产能利用率的波动情况、发行人的收入变化情况、同行业可比公司的产销量情况、发行人的市场份额情况说明发行人是否面临行业不利变化、发行人在行业中的竞争地位是否出现不利变化。

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