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共享经济大行其道 盘点各国“共享”创意

2017-05-18 16:27:51   央广网

据俄罗斯观察员张舜衡介绍,除了共享房、车以及办公空间等传统业务之外,俄罗斯创业者和资本也是国际风投圈的活跃参与者。2015年3月,一名俄罗斯姑娘想在美国买俄罗斯出产药品,但代购实在麻烦。因为受到共享经济的启发,她便与两位志同道合的朋友一起创办了一个让用户互相代购、送货的手机软件。这软件的使用流程非常简单,购物者只需要在平台上发布购物需求信息,然后即将前往购物者所在城市的旅行者会进行竞价,最后购物者选择最优报价确定交易,再设置安全支付保障后,购物者与旅行者就可以在约定的公共场所进行交货。这一方面让旅行者化身为代购,实现旅行赚钱两不误,另一方面为购物者提供更多选择,帮他们买到个性化的独特商品。以共享经济的形式解决了全球物流费用的问题。该初创公司已获得融资450万美元,在东南亚、南美、俄罗斯和乌克兰人气非常高。在过去一年中,俄罗斯共享房屋业务已经增长一倍多,但该业务负责人称,俄罗斯人其实非常重视自己的独立性,特别是经历共用厨房和浴室的苏联时代后,拥有自己的公寓或汽车是地位的终极象征,这种观念更是深入人心。从民众心理角度看,俄罗斯人对共享经济的喜爱并不存在真正的热爱,而仅仅是因为省钱。如果经济条件允许,俄罗斯人还是会选择住豪华酒店、使用计程车、去高级餐馆和购买奢侈品等传统消费模式。

再把目光转向德国。德国人非常注重隐私,很看重自己的私人空间。对于一些与自己生活紧密相关的东西一般很难与别人共享,就连小朋友在幼儿园学会的最重要的三个词都是“我”、“我的”和“不”。但是在他们日常生活中也免不了有一些领域需要选择共享来为自己创造更加便利的条件。他们又是怎样进行“共享”,从而同时满足保护个人隐私和便利日常需求双重要求的呢?

德国观察员薛成俊表示,德国人物权观非常强,物权概念非常明确,但是在生活当中也有共享,比如混居公寓,尤其是大学生为了省钱通常会和别人合租房子,这个时候除了自己卧室以外,厨房和卫生间都是共享或者共用。在很多大学生宿舍也是这个样子的,但是前提也是在确立物权以及义务划分的基础之上。有些上班族出于各种原因会与别人拼车,相互搭载。这些年悄然兴起的图书共享,在一些城市的街头安放着用钢铁和玻璃制作的特制书柜,人们可以将自己认为不错的书籍或者不再需要的书籍放在里面,与其他人共享,不需要借书手续,不需要押金,也没有归还日期,完全靠个人自觉。在德国也有所谓的共享自行车,其实是德国铁路公司放置的一些带有该公司标志的收费自行车,但是由于德国城市公交发达加上德国城市道路拥挤缺少自行车道以及偷车现象严重,德国窃贼偷自行车比较独特,不是卸个轮子就是拆个车座或者是车架,上锁完全没有用。而且德国严重缺乏摄像监控措施,所以像共享单车一类的资源共享在德国并没有大规模推广开来。

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