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同业存单存量规模仍在扩张 债券市场“命门”如何去杠杆?

2017-05-17 17:35:02   

多名资深债券投资人士指出,比起发行规模,同业存单的余额是一个更为重要的指标。

“看发行量有啥意义?”国内一大型基金的基金经理反问道,“同业存单本来就是余额管理,滚动续发的,没到期银行发啥?当然是到期了再发!”

据中新经纬客户端(微信公众号:jwview)了解,同业存单单期发行金额不得低于5000万元人民币,存款类金融机构可以在当年发行备案额度内,自行确定每期同业存单的发行金额、期限,但发行备案额度实行余额管理,发行人年度内任何时点的同业存单余额均不得超过当年备案额度。

前述基金经理举例道,比如一家银行,年底存单余额600亿,给央行报额度1000亿,央行批了800亿。那么如果上半年没有到期的,那就最多发200亿。

一名农商行银行负责人举例来说明余额这一指标的重要性:若一个银行只需要10亿的同业存单,假如银行发一期一年的,那么发行量和余额都是10亿。但是假如银行发十二期一个月的,发行量就是120亿,但余额还是10个亿。

上述农商行负责人指出,4月发行量下降更有可能是因为前期银行囤了更多长期资金,滚动续发的少了。

海通证券首席宏观债券研究员姜超表示,能否抑制住同业存单的继续扩张将是金融去杠杆的关键所在。姜超在其微信公众号发布报告指出,近几年金融部门加杠杆的渠道主要来自债券发行,债券发行中主要的券种是政策性金融债和同业存单,其中政策性金融债的净融资额近几年变动不大,而同业存单近几年的增长速度迅猛,2017年金融杠杆如何演变,最大的不确定性就来自于同业存单。

短期品种更受关注

中新经纬客户端(微信公众号:jwview)了解到,由于市场对同业存单后续发展存在分歧,目前短期品种更受关注。

前述大型股份制商业银行同业部负责人向中新经纬客户端指出,目前长端需求较少,主要以短期品种为主,包括1个月的和3个月的。“现在6个月都算长的了!”

不过他也认为,同业存单发行规模持续缩水的可能性并不高。“后续到期量非常大,存量规模还是会继续维持。”

吉灵浩提醒称,同业存单可以说是债券市场的“命门”,如果同业存单未来发行仍旧大幅萎缩,对债券市场的影响或不可估量。在他看来,同业存单后期发行规模继续收缩的可能性依旧存在。“监管是希望同业存单收缩的,在监管这种意图下,同业存单的收缩肯定是大趋势,我们在这方面还是不太乐观。后期同业存单如果续得上,那就意味着利率居高不下,续不上就意味着去杠杆在所难免。”

龙江银行金融市场研究员蒋书彬也指出,同业存单的后期走势固然取决于监管的严格程度,但即便没有监管,存单交易量下降也是趋势。同业存单说到底是负债,是资产的支撑,此前资产没到期,必须续命,现在存量资产陆续到期,同业存单的价格又这么高,无利可图,自然就有机构选择不做了,因此他认为后期可能还会收缩。“况且还有MPA等着呢!”(中新经纬APP)

关注中新经纬微信公众号(微信搜索“中新经纬”或“jwview”),看更多精彩财经资讯。

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