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业内:有人为避税设信托基金时倾向于海外离岸信托

2017-05-16 09:33:17   中国经济周刊

高小琴选择在香港设立信托不同,据麦经理介绍,香港大部分富豪甚至有一些内地人士在设立信托基金时,更多倾向于海外离岸信托。比如开曼群岛、英属维京群岛等地,这样做主要是为了合理避税。此外,富豪们将分散的家族股权集中后注入一间离岸投资公司,以其作为家族信托的受托人,可以防止控股权分配给众多家族成员被稀释之后,遭遇其他财团的狙击。最终的目的还是保护家族利益,让其能够更好地传承。比如,香港的长江实业(李嘉诚家族)、新鸿基地产(郭氏家族)和英皇国际(杨受成)等集团,均在多年前已成立并通过各自的家族信托基金持有上市公司股票。

高小琴的信托基金能被追回么?

《中国经济周刊》记者了解到,近年来,越来越多的内地人士也开始选择成立相似的信托基金。据专业人士介绍,家族信托基金具有非常特别的独立性。因为其将所有权和分配权分离后,就意味着这笔钱独立存在,不会因为离婚、债务追偿尤其是意外死亡而受到影响。因此也有不少人出于财产隔离的目的选择成立信托基金。

2015年,龙湖地产掌门人吴亚军宣告与丈夫蔡奎解除婚姻关系。吴亚军曾在胡润女富豪排行榜中名列首位,旗下的龙湖地产时值764亿港币,夫妻二人共同持有71.97%的公司股权,这意味着500多亿港币的身家分割。如此巨大的一笔财富分割并没有引起任何纷争。原来早在2008年6月龙湖地产公司上市之前,吴亚军与丈夫蔡奎便已通过汇丰国际信托,各自设立了一个家族信托,将即将上市的公司股权分别转移其中。离婚后,吴亚军和蔡奎分别通过信托公司持有龙湖地产23.4亿股及15.7亿股股份,龙湖地产的股票几乎没有遭受任何波及。

也就是说,在高小琴的案例中,即便这笔信托基金是由高小琴名下的山水集团出资成立,但是由于所有权和分配权分离的特性,根据相关条约,当企业、个人破产时,信托资金并不会像股票、存款、债券一样被冻结,也不能要求受益人以信托资金来偿还债务。高小琴的这一部署,可谓深思熟虑,未雨绸缪。

那么,高小琴的这场“斗智”是否一定十拿九稳?那可未必。北京诚毅律师事务所高级合伙人张玮告诉《中国经济周刊》记者,根据我国法律规定:“犯罪分子违法所得的一切财物,应当予以追缴。”此外,《信托法》中同样规定,有效设立信托的前提是财产合法、目的合法。

张玮表示,根据《信托法》的规定,违反法律、法规和社会公共利益的信托行为,以及以非法财产设立的信托是无效的,因此也不产生信托财产隔离和转移的法律效果。在剧中,山水庄园的财产属于不当获利,因此这笔信托基金不应该具有独立性的法律效力。

那么,高小琴特意选择到香港设立这笔信托基金,是否也会给追查造成一定的难度?香港的相关法律人士给记者解释道,香港的信托法非常健全,一般情况下设立的信托基金都会受到保密保护。但是剧中的信托基金具有一定的特殊性。首先,高小琴的身份仍然是内地居民;其次,这笔信托基金设立在香港而非离岸信托。2017年1月,香港启动了与部分国家和地区的金融账户涉税信息自动交换工作的相关程序,并且发布了《金融机构进一步操作指南》,专门对信托作出穿透申报的决定。也就是说,包括高小琴在内的内地高净值人士在港金融资产将完全透明。如果查清信托资金来源属于非法所得,那么这笔基金有极大可能被相关部门罚没。

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