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中国民企进入国际油气核心“朋友圈” 跨文化风险最大
2017-05-11 08:53:38 经济参考报
在中国华信董事会主席叶简明看来,掌控欧洲强大的终端市场,并以此为基础赢得更多的上游权益,从而打通国内国际市场,实现中国市场与中亚上游和欧洲终端的资源串换联动,才可能在国际油气行业内为中国赢得足够的话语权,避免世界油价长期波动给中国经济发展带来的风险。
2015年12月14日,在中哈两国总理的见证下,中国华信与哈萨克斯坦国家石油公司(KMG)正式签约,控股哈萨克斯坦国家石油国际公司(KMGI)51%股权。通过此项收购,中国华信获得其在欧洲多国先进的加油站和油库管理系统、国际化经营管理团队和欧洲最新技术水平的大型炼油厂及化工厂,并进而参股、控股欧洲多国石油公司。
“在全球石油领域,哈萨克斯坦地位显赫,而哈石油是该国唯一的国家石油公司,占了该国40%的GDP和70%的税收。收购了哈国际,就在很大程度上拥有了哈石油的中下游通道,包括两座炼厂和其在法国、西班牙等国家数千座加油站及配套油库。”中国华信投资部常务副总经理陈开宇告诉《经济参考报》记者,这使得中国华信获得了进入油气上游重要的战略机遇。
依托欧洲油气终端体系,中国华信以哈萨克斯坦、阿布扎比、乍得为重点,集中优势投资上游油气资源,加快海外布局。这一效应很快得到了验证。今年2月,中国华信与阿布扎比政府和阿布扎比国家石油公司正式签署协议,获得该国最大的已开发油气区块4%的40年权益,并获得年1000万吨额外油气销售权益,每年为国家增加1320万吨以上的原油进口。这是阿布扎比首次向中国企业开放油气股权。此外,中国华信还完成了乍得油气项目股权交割,获得其储量丰富的轻质原油,建立进入西非油气上游开发领域的根基。同时,在国内一期300多万立方石油储备基地正式投入运营,为国家储备局提供战略石油储备,仅此一项可为全国增加近三天石油供应。
“以往我们中国企业到海外投资,大多是做个项目、搞个工程,项目结束了、工程完工了就走了,与当地难以有更深的关联。不少中国企业‘走出去’往往局限于本公司的主营业务,习惯于单打独斗,缺乏对于整个产业链的控制与布局,导致各自为战甚至恶性竞争。”中石化原总经济师刘文龙认为,“中国华信海外投资的重要特点在于,他们不是与单一企业合作、做单个项目,而重在产业链甚至价值链的战略布局,更多着眼于资源的组织和整合,大大增强了产业协同和获利能力,也不需要大量裁员、换人,因而‘走出去’‘走’得平稳、顺畅。”
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