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中国汽车后市场规模有望破万亿 规范发展需转型创新

2017-05-11 08:53:30   经济参考报

  零整比:一道迈不过的坎

零整比是指汽车所有零部件的价格和整车价格的比值,它的高低直接决定着消费者在后期维修保养中更换零件的价格和整体养护成本的高低,而零整比高企一直是汽车后市场的一大顽疾。

日前,中国保险行业协会(中保协)联合中国汽车维修行业协会第七次发布了汽车零整比数据,数据显示,在100个车型中,零整比最高的为830.49%,即更换全部配件费用相当于购买8.3辆新车。

据记者了解,自2014年开始发布汽车零整比数据以来,最高的零整比甚至超过了1200%。由此可见,要实现零整比的整体下降有多难。

中保协相关负责人介绍说,本期汽车零整比100指数为327.96%,较前两次略有下降,但国外车辆零整比为300%左右,高昂的零整比说明,汽车维修领域仍然存在暴利。

于是,促使汽车零整比最终趋向合理,成为规范和让汽车后市场健康发展的一个重要工作。2014年,交通部、国家发改委等十部委联合印发了《关于促进汽车维修业转型升级、提升服务质量的指导意见》,要求破除维修配件渠道垄断,鼓励原厂配件生产企业向汽车售后市场提供原厂配件和具有自有品牌、商标或标识的独立售后配件;鼓励授权维修企业向非授权维修企业转售、提供原厂配件,建立实施汽车维修技术信息公开制度,保障所有维修企业都平等享有获取汽车生产企业汽车维修技术信息的权利。

这在一定程度上打破了厂家对配件的垄断。在政府对配件市场实施有效监管的情况下,消费者拥有了自主选择购买相应品牌配件的权利。今年4月,国家发改委、工信部等部门正式颁发了新的汽车销售管理办法,更是进一步打破了原有的体系,让汽车后市场更加开放和透明。

随着政策的不断放开,独立于4S店模式之外的维修保养企业也迎来了发展机遇,而社会汽车维修行业的崛起壮大,将迫使“零整比”理性回归,使消费者从中受益。

  规范发展还需转型创新

汽车后市场已成为整个汽车产业链中最为耀眼的金矿。

据《2013-2017中国汽车后市场蓝皮书》估算,汽车后市场整体行业利润可达到40%至50%,个别细分行业的利润甚至更高。

数据显示,在发达国家市场,汽车制造与销售的利润约占整个汽车产业利润的20%,零部件供应利润约占20%,其他60%的利润是在服务领域中产生的。由于目前我国的汽车销售利润占比依然很高,按照业界每1元购车消费会带动0.65元汽车售后服务的惯例来看,我国汽车后市场潜力巨大。

面对着潜力巨大的市场,如何改变现在的落后状况成为当务之急,同时也成为众多新来者的突破口。从2014年到2016年,各大经销商纷纷投入重金,以增强维修保养的盈利成长性。据汽车工业协会统计,2014年中国汽车后市场获得的风险投资多达67次,是2013年的十倍。

同时,在互联网技术的推动下,加上政策有了突破,汽车后市场涌现出一大批互联网创业企业,以及很多独立的售后维修企业。2015年,电商巨头阿里巴巴宣布整合旗下的大数据营销、汽车金融业务以及6000万车主汇聚的平台优势,成立了汽车事业部,以打通汽车电商O2O服务。

而传统的4S店也开始慢慢转变服务方式,降低费用,应对市场竞争。

现在,经历了一轮市场淘汰后,途虎养车等一众生存下来的互联网企业开始逐步摸索成型,经营模式也从之前过度重视线上转为线上线下并重,并开始在线下注重重资产投资,将互联网和传统企业的优势有效融合。

有专家表示,借助互联网技术,未来的汽车后市场将会更加向终端倾斜,销售模式也将由原来的店铺式销售逐渐向“仓储式销售+物流配送”的电子商务模式转型。

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