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体验生死两相安 专家称“死亡教育”应贯穿人生始终

2017-05-08 17:52:29   北京晨报

角色多,有利也有弊:利在于容易赢得病人信任;弊在于一旦出现心理波动或情绪激动时,病人容易产生心理防御,他们往往更愿意与一个“不相干”的人诉说,对志愿者戒心会少,有利于沟通交流和心理疏解。“目前我国这方面空白还很大,必须尽快弥补这些的短板。”姜主任说。

  呼吁 搭建信息共享平台

姜主任说,目前,患者家属对临终关怀病房信息的掌握度并不高,网上的信息又鱼龙混杂,可信度打着问号。因此,他认为很有必要搭建一个公共平台,方便各个医院之间以及患者和家属都能够掌握信息,实现资源共享。但是他也坦言,操作起来有难度,因为北京的医疗机构隶属于不同的体系,所谓“八路大军”,在管理上很难达成一致进行统筹规划。

姜主任坦言,目前本市临终关怀机构形式较多,最常见的是一些慈善组织机构办的,如松堂关怀医院等。除此之外,养老机构也在参与重病老人的护理,但他们往往无法界定一些病人是属于临终关怀还是慢病护理,这些机构基本都是以生活护理为主,对于临终病人的舒缓治疗、心理干预、全面照护等很难保证。

目前,三级综合医院床位本身就紧张,需要急救手术的病人都排不上床位的话,很难再有余力接收临终晚期病人。仅有一些二、三级医院的肿瘤内科病房收治一些没有条件治疗的晚期肿瘤患者。目前医疗资源的配置很难解决临终患者的需求问题,需要政府统筹解决。

  ■记者手记

  直面死亡这一课 不能靠突击

中国人讲究“事死如事生”,更何况人还健在,哪怕是几乎丧失尊严地“活着”。因此,很多家属觉得治疗也是一种心理安慰,即使已经没有医学上的救治意义。

这是我们国人与外国人文化传承不同的地方,也是可以理解的。然而,现阶段,由护理人员开展死亡教育其实也有令医护人员尴尬的地方。很多国家的死亡教育实际上是从孩提时候就开始的,从国家的教育体系开始实施,逐层推广。而不是走到生命接近终点的时候再由医护人员短期内突然“单刀直入”地去跟患者谈怎么样建立一个正确的生死观。没有任何基础,让临终患者去接受这样的观念很被动,且存在显然的风险和难度。

从对死的恐惧中解脱出来,最好的方法就是勇敢地面对死亡,早些接触这个问题,也让我们早些懂得,应该如何快乐地生存,过有意义的生活。

北京晨报记者 徐晶晶

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