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中国原油战略储备待提速 需加快原油期货上市步伐

2017-05-08 17:52:04   经济参考报

李莉认为,二季度不确定性事件比较多,估计国际油价波动会较大。不过,当前全球石油供应仍处于供过于求阶段,而且美国页岩油产业复苏强劲,预计国际油价不会出现非理性的持续上涨。

页岩油产业对石油价格有压制作用。徽商期货化工分析师叶晗认为,美国页岩油成本大约每桶50多美元,一旦国际油价超过页岩油的成本价,页岩油产量就会随之上升。近期美国页岩油钻井数量出现大幅增长。油价到每桶55美元后上涨就会变得缓慢,预计油价突破每桶60美元后,再大幅上涨的可能性较小。

  地缘政治风险加剧国内原油储备工作应抓住机遇

专家建议,抓住机遇加速推进我国战略原油储备工作。厦门大学能源经济协同创新中心主任林伯强说,我国战略原油储备进展比较缓慢。2016年是个难得的国际油价低点时期,本应该大刀阔斧推动战略原油储备建设,可目前来看进展并不明显。现在国际油价比去年一季度时翻了一倍,而且从长远来看,国际油价重新突破每桶60美元、80美元都有可能,我国战略储备需加快推进。

根据海关总署最新数据,3月我国进口原油3895万吨,再创历史新高。今年一季度我国原油进口量达1.05亿吨,同比增长15%,进口金额为2815.5亿元,同比增长89.4%。

“现在地缘政治形势不容乐观,油价仍在低位徘徊,仍然来得及。”林伯强等专家说,我国原油进口需求量不断放大,原油进口依存度已突破65%,从能源安全角度出发,我国原油储备步伐仍需进一步提速。

去年一季度,国际油价曾跌破每桶30美元,创出近12年来的低点。今年国际油价已经普遍处于每桶50美元上方,且布伦特油价已处在每桶55美元以上。作为原油进口大国,我国原油进口成本同比出现大幅增长。从进口单价来看,今年一季度我国原油进口单价同比增长了64.7%。

专家认为,短期来看,加快原油战略储备对保障我国能源安全有着立竿见影的效果。目前我国石油储备管理存在着多头管理的问题,市场化程度低,出手慢,容易错失机遇,同时,配套储备设施建设滞后,也影响了石油储备的大规模开展。专家建议,尽快创新管理机制,提高效率。从长期看,一方面要进一步丰富我国原油进口结构,避免对中东原油的过度依赖,另一方面,要有序推进清洁能源替代,减少化石能源使用。

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