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电子信息业需“换道超车”:夯实基础 弥补短板

2017-05-08 13:06:32   

培育消费需求

电子信息业在规模扩大的同时,效益水平也在稳步提升。2016年,我国电子信息制造业实现利润总额达6464亿元,同比增长16.1%,行业平均利润率达到5.3%,比上年提高0.6个百分点。电子信息制造业收入和利润占全国工业的比重达到10.6%和9.4%,分别比上年提高0.6个百分点和1个百分点。

主要产品智能化、高端化、品牌化趋势显著。智能手机、智能电视市场渗透率超过80%,国产品牌的高端彩电、手机和路由器加快涌现。新兴领域产品布局不断拓展,智能可穿戴设备、智能家居产品、虚拟现实设备以及无人机等新兴产品迅速成长。

“随着消费升级,电子信息产品的需求结构也在发生变化。”吴胜武分析说,目前计算机、通信设备等传统行业的增速开始减慢,智能终端等各类应用电子产品进入高速发展阶段,但从规模上看,现有可穿戴设备等产品由于解决不了低功耗等技术问题,未能击中消费者需求痛点,发展形势不及预期。

高端化、智能化、个性化新产品成为电子信息业新的消费需求。据了解,目前广东省已提出开展新数字家庭行动,推动4K电视网络应用于产业发展,通过消费带动彩电产品升级;北京、深圳等地区在培育智能硬件、无人机等新型电子产品上也早有布局。

刘利华指出,要以信息消费需求为导向,以产品标准升级为抓手,加快推动手机、彩电等主要终端产品向智能化、高端化发展,加强质量品牌建设。

补齐产业短板

国产芯片一直留给市场以低端的印象,但展讯却先后发布了16纳米的芯片SC9860和英特尔架构的14纳米SC9861,并计划今年三季度推出14纳米SC9853芯片,吹响了向中高端进攻的号角。

围绕高端芯片、新型显示等产业短板,电子信息业布局了一批重大项目。尤其是在集成电路领域,产业投资基金的撬动作用不断凸显,保障了武汉存储器、华虹“909”二期等项目顺利开工建设;紫光集团、长江存储、中芯国际等共同发起成立了中国高端芯片联盟,努力打造涵盖“架构—芯片—软件—整机—系统—信息服务”的完整生态体系。

但刘利华坦言,我国电子信息产业发展呈现出应用强、基础弱的“倒三角”形态,在先进制造工艺、基础原材料、核心设备等关键基础领域距离国际先进水平仍有较大差距,核心产品仍依赖进口。

统计显示,2016年我国集成电路进口额高达2271亿美元,高居我国各种产品进口额之首。核心基础领域薄弱,还增大了我国电子信息产业“从跟跑转向并跑、领跑”的难度。“这一点在电子专用设备方面表现得尤为突出。2016年我国集成电路领域投资同比增长超过30%,一批重大项目开工建设,其中90%生产设备都要依赖进口。”刘利华说。

与之对应的是,跨国企业正在加强对集成电路等核心环节的把控,并购活动十分活跃。仅集成电路这一核心领域,2016年全球并购交易规模就超过了1300亿美元,包括软银收购ARM、高通收购恩智浦、我国的建广资产收购恩智浦标准产品业务等。行业竞争和分工格局正面临新的调整。

吴胜武强调,要坚持夯实底层,补齐高端芯片、传感器、系统集成等基础、通用技术短板。继续实施强基工程,强化核心基础元器件、先进基础工艺、关键电子材料和专用设备等支撑保障能力。

“要以体系化思维弥补单点弱势,在工业控制设备、工业机器人、工业智能传感器等核心技术产品和智能装备系统实现根本性突破,推进网络关键技术设备自主创新,提升电子信息产业服务制造强国、网络强国建设的支撑能力。”刘利华说。

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