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中美专家热议经济合作新格局 能源高科技或成重点

2017-05-08 11:07:42   经济参考报

美国政府在签订一些双边协定时,更多是在行业层面上来进行,这可以对单个行业产生有效影响。例如,中美双方通过钢铁行业或者铝业的合作,能够帮助中国解决一些产能过剩的问题。”彼得森国际经济研究所高级研究员查德·伯恩(Chad Bown)表示,但是,这种方式宏观战略性的考虑,也不能直接解决美国更大的贸易方面的问题,所以双方还应该在双边宏观投资条约方面,作出更多的考虑。

执行过程中可能仅体现为“谈判威胁”,不会得以实施。预计特朗普会行使总统征收暂时性关税行政权,针对其不满意的贸易协定,会暂时退出。“总体来看美国贸易政策会回归80年代里根当政时期的主张非关税壁垒、反倾销手段和针对特定贸易产品制定措施。”波森说。

波森还指出,特朗普财政和货币政策叠加,可能会提升美元汇价,不利于缩小贸易逆差,反而进入一个逆差不断扩大的坏循环。

税改政策蕴藏长期下行风险

上月底特朗普政府披露了其税改计划。根据计划,美国将大幅调降企业所得税及个人所得税。彼得森的专家们对美国税改的前景和成效均表示悲观。

杰森·福尔曼表示,减税对经济的正面影响有限,反而是该措施引发的的赤字风险可能会带来负面冲击。他指出,上世纪80年代“里根经济学”时采取大规模减税政策刺激经济有特定环境,当时税率高达70%,税收收入对GDP占比也与当今差异巨大,当时的失业率也大大高于现在。在美国就业和经济增长处于较好态势的情形下,大规模减税并非必要措施。

“我认识曾为布什政府测算减税效应的专家,他引用经济模型预测特朗普的减税效果,得到的结果是20年后美国的经济体量因此下降4%。国会会认真的审议特朗普提案,目前只能关注两党之间的博弈,预计不太可能通过原本的大规模提案,通过成功率仅为10%。”

“我认为美国应该谨慎的进行减税,这样才能在商业层面降低成本。靠税务解决企业在海外设厂的问题成效有限,难以真正达成就业回归的目标。”

亚当·波森甚至大胆预测,该减税提案在国会的通过可能性为0。

对于税改提议能否落实,彼得森高级研究员、前美国财政部经济政策助理部长和首席经济学家凯伦·迪南也表示,国会可能最终会通过“缩水”版本的减税方案。“目前为止,对于此项大规模减税提案在国会通过的可能性难料,预计会遇到相当大的政治阻力。”

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